Has nuclear family existed in traditional India? Discuss with references to the views of I. P. Desai.
Section: A.
Sociology Paper 2012.
Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Services Examination.
Paper 2: Unit-12 Social Structure; System of kinship in India
Question: Has nuclear family existed in traditional India? Discuss with references to the views of I. P. Desai.
– 20 Marks
Introduction: Brief About Nuclear Family Structure And I. P. DESAI’s Idea About Nuclear and Joint Families Co-Existing.Main Body: Illustrations of Nuclear Families in Traditional India, Significance of I. P. Desai’s Work.Conclusion: Contribution of I.P. DESAI for Providing New Dimensions. |
Introduction:
- The notion of the nuclear family, defined as a household consisting of parents and their dependent children, has frequently been linked to modern industrialized societies.
- P. Desai, conducted comprehensive research on family and kinship structures in India. Desai contended that the extended family system, often idealized as the exclusive family structure in traditional India, coexisted alongside nuclear family arrangements.
Main Body:
Illustrations of Nuclear Families in Traditional India:
- Matrilineal and Patrilineal Societies: Some featured nuclear households, with married couples forming independent economic units. In patrilineal communities, young couples established separate households, contributing to family structure diversity.
- Urban Centres and Occupational Groups: Economic opportunities and spatial constraints in urban areas often led to the formation of nuclear families. Occupations like artisan and trade encouraged nuclear family setups due to mobility and economic pursuits.
- Widow Remarriage: Instances of widow remarriage could result in nuclear family formation as remarried widows created new households with their new spouses.
- Trade: early India was characterised by international and internal trade among few communities. Few cultural communities like Banzaras in Rajsathan kept moving and this led to formation of nuclear families many times.
Significance of I. P. Desai’s Work:
- He challenged the notion of traditional Indian society as exclusively extended family-based.
- Highlighted the diversity and adaptability of family structures within traditional India.
- Offers a nuanced understanding of historical family dynamics, showcasing the multifaceted nature of Indian society and its various family arrangements.
Conclusion:
Few scholars have criticised him for misjudging traditional societies extended joint family structures as nuclear ones. However his studies have encouraged scholars to reassess assumptions about family dynamics, acknowledging that nuclear families coexisted with extended ones in traditional India.
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