Empowering Women: Navigating Climate Change, Challenges, and Solutions.
{Relevant for Civil Service Examination.}
Empowering Women: Navigating Climate Change, Challenges, and Solutions.
In conditions of poverty, women often face heightened risks and increased responsibilities due to the impacts of climate change. What are the effects of climate change on women? How are they vulnerable? What issues arise from the unequal involvement of women in climate-related decisions? Keep reading to learn more about the intersection of climate change and women.
Women typically bear the responsibilities of food production, water gathering, and securing fuel for cooking and warmth. Climate change is complicating these tasks, especially for those in poverty and vulnerable communities who are disproportionately affected by extreme weather events such as droughts and floods; with 70% of the world’s poor being female.
While climate change affects everyone globally, its impacts are shaped by pervasive gender inequalities. Women are at a higher risk from severe storms, droughts, rising sea levels, and heatwaves due to factors such as higher likelihood of poverty, limited access to basic rights like property ownership and mobility, and increased violence during unstable times. As a result of these and other factors, women are expected to face the greatest challenges as climate change progresses. In fact, the Paris Climate Agreement includes specific provisions to ensure that women receive support in dealing with the risks posed by climate change.
Resource scarcity: Climate change exacerbates existing inequalities and discrimination faced by marginalized girls and young women, leaving them most vulnerable without the knowledge or tools to cope.
Long journeys for resources: Women often bear the burden of traveling long distances to fetch water during droughts and shortages, impacting their time and energy. For instance, the drought in East Africa has forced pastoral farmers to travel further in search of water.
Increased risk of sexual violence: Following disasters, women are more susceptible to forced displacement, sexual assault, violence, and other human rights violations.
Heightened vulnerability: Women face greater vulnerability due to factors like age, poverty, marginalization, ethnicity, and gender intersections.
Food insecurity: During food shortages, girls are more likely to receive less food than boys, making them more prone to malnutrition and diseases, particularly those transmitted by vectors that are on the rise due to climate change.
Limited livelihood options: Women who rely on resources affected by climate change often have few alternative means of earning a living.
Migration challenges: Men may seek higher-paying jobs elsewhere during crises, but women are often constrained by family responsibilities. This leads to longer work hours for less pay, perpetuating inequality and unstable incomes.
Vulnerability of women to climate change
Women are more vulnerable than men to the impacts of climate change.
Increased workload: As primary caregivers responsible for food, water, and fuel gathering, impoverished women bear the brunt of shortages exacerbated by climate crises.
Lack of land rights: Women’s vulnerability is heightened during natural disasters due to their limited land rights. Approximately 80% of those displaced by climate change are estimated to be women.
Gender-based violence: Climate disasters intensify violence against women, increasing the risk of sexual exploitation, early marriage, and forced unions.
Underrepresentation: Women lack adequate representation in regional and international decision-making processes.
Participation of women in Climate decisions
Given that a significant portion of the world’s poor are women, they often face additional risks and burdens from the impacts of climate change.
Due to their underrepresentation in the workforce and decision-making bodies, women often struggle to fully engage in climate-related planning, policy-making, and implementation.
Women can play a vital role in combating climate change through their expertise in areas like sustainable resource management and promoting eco-friendly practices at household and community levels.
Increased female representation
Since 2013, female representation has grown in various organizations, notably in the adaptation committee according to UNFCCC. However, only 12% of national environmental ministries were led by women in 2015; this figure increased to 15% by 2020. Despite progress, there is still inadequate growth in female representation. Gender issues are not effectively mainstreamed in many national climate policies and international organizations where men predominantly dominate key panels and decision-making committees.
The way forward
Adoption of gender-responsive strategies is essential. Efforts to address climate change must incorporate robust gender-responsive approaches that go beyond mere gender balance on expert panels or ensuring equal benefits for men and women in projects.
Addressing underlying social issues is crucial. By raising awareness and addressing structural power imbalances and socioeconomic marginalization, we can begin to mitigate the disproportionate impact of climate change on women.
Recognizing the significant contributions of women as decision-makers, stakeholders, educators, professionals, and experts across sectors and at all levels can lead to successful long-term solutions to climate change.
Implementation of Climate Change Gender Action Plans is vital. Investing in participatory plans that involve multiple stakeholders can help countries develop comprehensive actions that integrate gender considerations and leverage women’s unique knowledge and perspectives.
Equal participation of women and men in climate decision-making at all levels requires providing them with equal space and resources.
Reference: Statistics
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.
Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.
2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.
Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.
3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.
4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.
5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.
6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.
7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.
8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.
9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.
10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.
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