SICK ROLE

SICK ROLE: TALCOT PARSONS | Sociology Optional for UPSC Civil Services Examination | Triumph IAS

SICK ROLE: TALCOT PARSONS

Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Service Examination.

Sociology Paper -2
Unit 3 : Social Change in India : Population Dynamics

SICK ROLE: TALCOT PARSONS

Talcott Parsons: the sick role In The Social System, Talcott Parsons put forward one of the most famous concepts in the sociology of health and illness: the sick role. Instead of accepting the idea of sickness as a biological concept, Parsons suggested that it was a social concept, so being ill meant acting in different, deviant ways compared to the norm. Being sick was therefore a form of social role, with people acting in particular ways according to the culture of society. In modern Western societies, this involves four elements, two of which are rights and two of which are obligations.

The rights of the sick role

  1. The sick person has the right to be exempted from normal social obligations, such as attending employment, or fully engaging in family activities. However, the extent to which the person can take on the sick role and so avoid normal duties depends upon the seriousness of the illness and other people’s acceptance that they are genuinely ill
  2. The sick role is something that the person can do nothing about and for which they should not be blamed – they therefore have the right to be ‘looked after’ by others. The sick role effectively absolves the person from any blame for their social deviance.

Obligations of the sick role As well as these two rights, there are two related obligations:

  1. The sick person must accept that the situation they are in is undesirable and that they should seek to get well as soon as possible.
  2.  The sick person must seek professional help and cooperate with the medical profession to get better.

Reference: Static Portion

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Frequently Asked Questions:

1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.

Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.

2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.

Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.

3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.

4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.

5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.

6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.

7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.

8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.

9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.

10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.


GS Related Practices Questions… 

To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques.

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