Relevance: Prelims: Health & Science
Why in news?
- Many coronavirus patients have died of sepsis — when the body’s immune system goes into overdrive.
About:
- Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the body’s immune system overreacting in response to an infection.
- This overactive, toxic response can lead to tissue damage, multiple organ failure and death.
Cause:
- Sepsis can be triggered by a variety of pathogens such as Viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites. The causes of sepsis are usually pneumonia, wound infections, urinary tract infections or infections in the abdominal cavity.
- Other viruses that are highly infectious, such as coronaviruses, Ebola and yellow fever viruses, dengue, swine flu or bird flu viruses can also cause sepsis.
Other highlights:
- Drop in blood pressure with a simultaneous rise in heart rate, fever, rapid, heavy breathing, an unusually strong feeling of illness and sudden confusion.
- Infections, kidney failure or cardiovascular problems can recur about three months after discharge. In addition, many sepsis patients suffer severe, long-term consequences such as paralysis, depression or anxiety disorders.
- When diagnosed, sepsis is immediately treated as an emergency. The blood is examined, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is administered, and sufficient blood circulation and ventilation are ensured.
- As a precautionary measure, many sepsis patients are “protectionally incubated,” i.e. put into an artificial coma.
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