Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Service Examination.
Relevance : Sociology Paper -2 , Unit 9- System Of Kinship
Domestic violence
- Domestic violence as physical abuse directed by one member of the family against another or others.
- Studies show that the prime targets of physical abuse are children, especially small children.
- Violence by men against their female partners is the second most common type
- of domestic violence. Domestic violence is the most common crime against women,
- Rawstorn highlighted that who are at greater risk of violence from men in their own families or from close acquaintances than they are from strangers.
- Feminist analyses of patriarchy and domestic violence have highlighted how the privatization of violence sustains male dominance in patriarchal societies. These studies documented the widespread occurrence and intensity of violence against women within the home.
- Notably, most reported incidents of spousal violence to the police entail husbands being violent towards their wives, with significantly fewer cases involving women using physical force against their husbands. Feminist scholars argue that such statistics underscore the significance of domestic violence as a prominent means through which men exert control over women.
- In contrast to feminist perspectives, conservative commentators argue that family violence is not rooted in patriarchal male power, as feminists assert, but rather stems from issues within ‘dysfunctional families
- William Goode (1971) suggested that low-income men may be more prone to violence because they have few other means with which to control their wives, such as a higher income or level of education.
- Gelles and Cornell (1990) found that unemployed men are nearly twice as likely as employed men to assault their wives.
Domestic violence is prevalent for various reasons.
- Emotional intensity and personal intimacy inherent in family life can be cited as one reason for domestic violence. Family connections are typically charged with strong emotions, often intertwining love and animosity. Disagreements within the domestic sphere can escalate tensions in ways not experienced in other social contexts. Minor incidents can trigger significant hostilities between partners or between parents and children.
- For instance, a man who might generally tolerate eccentricities in other women may become enraged if his wife talks excessively at a dinner party or discloses private matters he wishes to keep confidential.
- Another contributing factor is the tolerance and, at times, approval of violence within the family. While socially sanctioned family violence tends to be relatively limited, it has the potential to escalate into more severe forms of assault. In many cases, actions like slapping or minor physical discipline by parents are accepted and even endorsed by society. Such actions may not be perceived as ‘violence,’ and there is a growing push from some groups for the UK to align with the changing perspectives on these behaviours.
- Structural factors, such as economic status, social class, gender, race, and culture, with studies highlighting strong correlations between economic and gender inequalities and domestic violence.
- Interpersonal dynamics, including relationship power dynamics, communication patterns, and conflict resolution skills. The use of physical violence can serve as a means for one partner to exert power and control over the other.
Mental health indicators, encompassing alcohol and drug abuse, mental disorders, and stress. Research indicates that alcohol use significantly predicts domestic violence.
Reference: Static Portion
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.
Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.
2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.
Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.
3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.
4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.
5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.
6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.
7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.
8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.
9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.
10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.
GS Related Practices Questions…
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