De-Sanskritization

De-Sanskritization | Sociology Optional for UPSC Civil Services Examination | Triumph IAS

De-Sanskritization

Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Service Examination.

Relevance : Sociology Paper -2  Unit – Caste System

De-Sanskritization

Definition of De-Sanskritization:  

De-Sanskritization is a sociocultural process in India where individuals or communities, typically belonging to higher castes, abandon or reject the customs, rituals, ideology, and way of life associated with the dominant upper-caste culture. Instead, they embrace the cultural practices and traditions of lower castes, seeking to distance themselves from the norms of the higher castes. This phenomenon represents a form of social change involving a shift away from the cultural and social norms traditionally associated with higher castes.

Factors Contributing to De-Sanskritization:

  1. Reservations: Affirmative action policies, such as reservations, have led to a re -evaluation of social status, making it advantageous for individuals to identify with lower castes.
  2. Political Agendas: The alignment of political agendas with caste identities has contributed to a trend where individuals adopt lower caste identities for social recognition and benefits.
  3. Industrialization: Occupational mobility resulting from industrialization has provided opportunities for lower castes to ascend socially, reducing the pressure on them to conform to higher-caste norms.
  4. Spread of Literacy: Increased literacy has heightened awareness of social and economic disparities, leading higher castes to reject their traditional customs in favor of those associated with lower castes.
  5. Westernization: The influence of Western culture has played a role in shaping new values and beliefs in Indian society, contributing to the rejection of traditional customs associated with higher castes.

Difference Between Sanskritization and De-Sanskritization:

  1. Direction of Change:
    • Sanskritization: Involves lower castes adopting the customs, rituals, and way of life of higher castes, aspiring for upward social mobility.
    • De-Sanskritization: Entails higher castes rejecting the customs, rituals, and lifestyle of higher castes, often adopting those of lower castes, leading to a form of downward social mobility.
  2. Social Mobility:
    • Sanskritization: Represents a process of upward social mobility as lower castes seek to improve their social status.
    • De-Sanskritization: Reflects a process of downward social mobility as higher castes distance themselves from the norms of their own social group.
  3. Cultural Identity:
    • Sanskritization: Involves a cultural assimilation into the dominant upper-caste culture.
    • De-Sanskritization: Focuses on preserving and adopting cultural practices associated with lower castes, resisting the dominant upper-caste culture.
  4. Historical Emphasis:
    • Sanskritization: A relatively well-studied concept, documented in the context of social mobility in India.
    • De-Sanskritization: Less studied historically, with a focus on observed contemporary instances of rejecting higher-caste norms.

In summary, Sanskritization and De-Sanskritization represent opposing processes of social change in India, involving cultural and social adaptations with different directions and implications for individuals and communities.

Reference: Static Portion


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Frequently Asked Questions:

1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.

Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.

2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.

Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.

3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.

4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.

5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.

6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.

7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.

8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.

9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.

10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.


GS Related Practices Questions… 

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