Speaker of Lok Sabha
(Relevant for Polity Section of General Studies Paper Prelims/Mains)
The role of the Speaker’s Office in India is an active and evolving entity that addresses the practical requirements and challenges faced by the Parliament while executing its responsibilities. Article 93 of the Constitution outlines the procedure for electing both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker.
The Speaker holds a constitutional and ceremonial position as the head of the House.
Election
The Lok Sabha, the supreme legislative body in the nation, selects its Speaker who oversees the daily operations of the House.
Choosing the Speaker of the Lok Sabha is among the initial tasks carried out by each newly formed House.
Election of Office of the Speaker
- The Constitution of India stipulates that the Speaker must be a member of the House.
- Although there are no specific qualifications prescribed for becoming the Speaker, having a comprehensive understanding of the Constitution and the country’s laws is considered a significant advantage for the person holding the position of the Speaker.
- Typically, a member affiliated with the ruling party is chosen as the Speaker. The procedure has evolved over time, where the ruling party proposes its candidate after informal discussions with leaders of other parties and groups within the House.
- This tradition ensures that once elected, the Speaker commands respect from all segments of the House.
- The Speaker (along with the Deputy Speaker) is elected from among the Lok Sabha members through a simple majority of members present and voting in the House.
- After a decision regarding the candidate is made, their name is generally put forth by either the Prime Minister or the Minister of Parliamentary Affairs.
- The Speaker remains in office from the date of their election until shortly before the first meeting of the subsequent Lok Sabha (for a term of 5 years).
- Once elected, the Speaker is eligible for re-election.
- In the event of the dissolution of the Lok Sabha, the Speaker does not vacate their position and continues to serve until the newly elected Lok Sabha convenes.
powers
- They are the ultimate interpreter of the provisions of the Constitution of India, the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business of the Lok Sabha, and the parliamentary precedents within the House.
- They preside over a joint session of the two Houses of Parliament.
- They have the authority to adjourn the House or suspend the session if the presence of at least one-tenth of the total strength of the House (known as the quorum) is not met.
- The Speaker is responsible for making decisions about the disqualification of a member of the Lok Sabha on the grounds of defection, as outlined in the provisions of the Tenth Schedule.
- The Speaker holds the responsibility of establishing and overseeing the Committees of the House, directing their overall functions.
- They nominate the Chairpersons for all Parliamentary Committees.
- Directly under their leadership, committees like the Business Advisory Committee, the General Purposes Committee, and the Rules Committee operate.
Removal
- Normally, the Speaker holds the position throughout the tenure of the Lok Sabha. Nonetheless, there are circumstances under which the Speaker might need to step down from the position before the term concludes:
- If the Speaker no longer holds a membership in the Lok Sabha.
- If the Speaker submits a written resignation to the Deputy Speaker.
- If the Speaker is dismissed by a resolution passed by a majority of all Lok Sabha members.
- This resolution can only be introduced following a 14-day prior notice.
- During the deliberation of a resolution for the Speaker’s removal, they may attend the session but cannot preside over it.
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