Does women’s education help to eradicate patriarchal discriminations? Reflect with illustrations.

Section: B.
Sociology Paper 2023 Analysis.
Relevant for Paper-1 : Social change in modern society : education and social change

Question- 5 (e): Does women’s education help to eradicate patriarchal discriminations? Reflect with illustrations.      (10 Marks)

Introduction: Define patriarchy and idea of education as a tool to eradicate inequality in society Main Body: Functional role of education in eradication of patriarchy by fighting orthodoxy, capacity build up, enhancing capacity of society in adapting change, economic empowerment, then highlight gaps present in education system and structural aspects.   Conclusion: Implementation of Sally Tomlinson idea about education, along with the structural changes in society

 

Introduction Patriarchy, a social system where men hold primary power and dominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, and social privilege, perpetuates gender-based discrimination. Education, as a powerful tool for social change, can play a crucial role in challenging and dismantling patriarchal norms and fostering gender equality. Main body: Functional role of education in eradication of patriarchy Fighting Orthodoxy: Women’s education challenges traditional and conservative norms by exposing individuals to diverse ideas and perspectives. When women are educated, they are more likely to question and challenge patriarchal beliefs and practices. Cultural feminist argue that it is cultural beliefs and myths that accords inferior status to women and privileges men. Therefore, education can play a role in changing patriarchal attitudes through infusion of egalitarian values  For example, educated women may question gender stereotypes that limit their roles to traditional caregiving responsibilities, thereby challenging the ingrained norms of patriarchy. Capacity Building: Education empowers women by enhancing their skills, knowledge, and confidence. This increased capacity enables women to actively participate in decision-making processes, both at home and in society. Educated women are more likely to assert their rights, question discriminatory practices, and demand equal treatment. This capacity building contributes to the gradual erosion of patriarchal structures. Adapting to Change: Education equips individuals with the ability to adapt to societal changes. As societies evolve, educated society are more likely to embrace progressive values and contribute to the dismantling of patriarchal systems.  For instance, an educated woman may be more open to non-traditional gender roles, challenging the rigid expectations imposed by patriarchy. Economic Empowerment: Education is a key driver of economic empowerment. When women are educated, they have better access to employment opportunities, contributing to financial independence. Economic empowerment disrupts traditional power dynamics within families and societies, challenging the patriarchal notion that positions men as sole breadwinners and decision-makers. Gaps in Education System and Structural Aspects: While education can be a powerful tool, it’s crucial to acknowledge the existing gaps in the education system that may hinder its transformative potential. Liberal feminists argue that educational changes are not sufficient. There is need for change in laws as well as cultural beliefs. Willis’s perspective directs attention to the micro-level interactions within educational spaces. It suggests that addressing gender inequality requires not only changes in curriculum and formal structures but also a transformation of the informal social dynamics within schools. Marxist feminist however argues that education promotes patriarchal values and gender role expectations which are beneficial for the capitalist economic system. As sexual division of labour provides free home labour. According to feminists like McRobbie and Sue Lee, schooling reproduces appropriate feminine roles in girls. Schools saw their task as preparing girls for family life and responsibilities and boys for future employment, thus reproducing the gender stereotypes prevailing in society. Raymond Boudon, in his Education Opportunity and Social Inequality, 1974, shows that the role of education in providing avenues for social mobility is not very significant. In fact, education based on equality only perpetuates inequality. Societal structures that perpetuate gender inequalities, such as discriminatory laws and cultural practices, must be reformed to create an environment where education can truly challenge patriarchy. In Modern Times, lesser female labour force participation despite increase in literacy rate as well as very high dropout rate of women in their 30s to manage household and children shows that education is not only sufficient to eradicate patriarchy. Workplace harassment cases such as Tamil Nadu DGP harassing women SP or harassment by Australian male parliamentarians of their women counterparts shows that even empowered women are susceptible to sexual exploitation. Sylvia Walby considers such violence as a systematic mechanism to enforce patriarchal domination. Conclusion Sally Tomlinson’s idea that education should be education should be liberalising,human ising and democratising force aligns with the need for an education system that actively challenges and dismantles patriarchal norms. However, this cannot be achieved in isolation. Structural changes in society, including legal reforms and cultural shifts, are essential for the true empowerment of women through education. By addressing the gaps in the education system and concurrently challenging societal structures, we can create an environment where education becomes a formidable force in eradicating patriarchal discriminations.

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