Daily Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023 | GS | Sociology UPSC | Triumph IAS

Daily Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023 | GS | Sociology UPSC | Triumph IAS

Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023

Today’s News


Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano

(Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023 | Relevant for Prelims)

  • The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano is in the western South Pacific Ocean, west of the main inhabited islands in the Kingdom of Tonga.
  • It is one of 12 confirmed submarine volcanoes along the Tofua Arc, a segment of the larger Tonga-Kermadec volcanic arc.
  • The Tonga-Kermadec arc formed as a result of subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Indo-Australian Plate.
  • It is an undersea Volcano consisting of two small uninhabited islands, Hunga-Ha’apai and Hunga-Tonga.
  • Generally, massive volcanic eruptions usually reduce temperatures because they spit out vast amounts of sulfur dioxide, which form sulfate aerosols that can reflect sunlight back into space and cool Earth’s surface temporarily, generally referred as Sun dimming.

  • However, the Tonga eruption had another effect because it occurred underwater. The eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in 2022 produced a plume 58 km high, and produced the biggest atmospheric explosion ever recorded.
  • The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption is peculiar because, in addition to causing the largest increase in stratospheric aerosol in decades, it also injected vast amounts of water vapor into the stratosphere.
  • Water vapor is a natural greenhouse gas that absorbs solar radiation and traps heat in the atmosphere.
  • The aerosol and water vapor impact the climate system in opposing ways, but several studies have proposed that, due to its larger and more persistent water vapor plume, the eruption could have a temporary net surface warming effect.
  • The Year 2023 has recorded unprecedented temperatures. Scientists believe one of the reasons for this may be an underwater volcanic eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in the South Pacific in 2022.

Deoxygenation in Riverine Ecosystems

(Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023 | Relevant for Prelims)

 

Recently, in a study published in Nature Climate Change by Pennsylvania State University, the US, has highlighted the issue of Deoxygenation in Riverine Ecosystems.

Deoxygenation in Water Bodies

  • Deoxygenation in water bodies refers to the reduction or depletion of dissolved oxygen levels in aquatic environments, such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and other bodies of water.
  • This decrease in oxygen availability can occur due to various natural and anthropogenic factors, disrupting the delicate balance necessary for the survival of aquatic organisms.

Impact of deoxgenation

  • Aquatic Life: Deoxygenation can result in “dead zones” where fish and marine life struggle to survive due to lack of oxygen. In severe cases, it can lead to mass fish kills and other marine organism die-offs.
  • Excessive nutrient runoff and pollution from industrial and urban sources have caused oxygen depletion in the Baltic Sea. The resulting dead zones have impacted fisheries and biodiversity.
  • Coastal areas, like the Gulf of Mexico, often have dead zones in the summer.

  • Shifts in Species Distribution: Some species may move to other areas with higher oxygen levels, disrupting the ecosystem’s balance and potentially leading to the dominance of invasive species.
  • Human Health: Deoxygenation affects drinking water quality, potentially making it unsafe for human consumption if pollutants and contaminants are present in low-oxygen waters.
  • Economic Impact: Reduced fish populations impact fisheries, leading to economic losses for fishing industries. Additionally, diminished aesthetics and recreational opportunities due to impacted water quality can negatively affect tourism.

Ayushman Bhav Campaign

(Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023 |Relevant for Prelims)

  • In a move towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and ensuring healthcare for all, the President of India virtually launched the Ayushman Bhav campaign and the Ayushman Bhava portal.
  • This initiative aims to deliver healthcare services to the last mile and consolidate access and affordability for underserved populations.
  • The campaign also raises awareness about vital health schemes and diseases, leveraging India’s digital inclusion efforts to extend healthcare accessibility.
  • The ‘Ayushman Bhav’ campaign will be implemented during the ‘Seva Pakhwada’ embodying a whole-of-nation and whole-of-society approach.

Panel calls for revising rules of construction around protected ASI monuments 

(Current Affairs 23 Sep 2023 |Relevant for  Prelims)

  • A parliamentary committee has noted that the requirement of having a prohibited area of 100 meters and a regulated area of 300 meters around all monuments protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has led to conflicts between the local communities and these heritage sites. The local residents often struggle to carry out necessary repairs to their homes due to these restrictions. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture has urged the government to reconsider these rules to make them more practical. They have also suggested that the application of these rules should take into account the historical significance of the monuments. The committee pointed out that in some cases, entire villages fall within the 300-meter radius, making it extremely challenging for residents to maintain or repair their houses. This situation has created tension between the local communities and the monuments. The provision for prohibited and restricted areas was introduced in 2010 as an amendment to the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (AMASR) Act of 1958. It restricts activities like mining and construction within 100 and 300 meters of these monuments. The Central government has indicated that it is in the process of amending this Act.
  • The committee also noted that the same rules currently apply to both well-known monuments like Ajanta and Ellora and lesser-known ones like Kos Minars, unknown cemeteries, and tombs. They recommended that the list of the 3,691 ASI-protected monuments should be reviewed and categorized based on their national significance, unique architectural value, and specific heritage content.

About ASI:

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), under the Ministry of Culture, is the premier organization for the archaeological researches and protection of the cultural heritage of the nation. Maintenance of ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance is the prime concern of the ASI. Besides it regulate all archaeological activities in the country as per the provisions of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. It also regulates Antiquities and Art Treasure Act, 1972.


Related Blogs…


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