Point Out Benefits of Green Chemistry in Agrarian Transformation in India.

(Paper: 2, Section- B, Year 2020, Unit 13: Social Changes in India)

Point out Benefits of Green Chemistry in Agrarian Transformation in India.

(10 Marks)

Introduction: Brief About Green Chemistry Main Body: Benefits of Green Chemistry Agrarian Transformation in India, Challenges Associated with Adoption  of Green Chemistry Conclusion: Harnessing Potential of Green Chemistry

Introduction

Green chemistry, also known as sustainable chemistry, is an approach that focuses on designing chemical processes and products in a way that reduces their environmental impact, minimizes the use and generation of hazardous substances, and promotes sustainability. It aims to create safer and more efficient chemical processes while considering the health of humans and the environment.

Main Body

Green Chemistry Offers Several Benefits for Agrarian Transformation in India:

1. Resource Efficiency: Green chemistry techniques optimize resource utilization, minimizing wastage and conserving valuable resources like water and energy. This efficiency enhances the productivity of agricultural processes, contributing to higher yields and improved livelihoods for farmers. It can solve the issue of rising anomic farmer suicide.
2. Sustainable Agriculture: Green chemistry promotes the development of eco-friendly agrochemicals and fertilizers that minimize environmental harm. This ensures sustainable agricultural practices by reducing soil and water pollution, preserving biodiversity, and safeguarding the health of farmers and consumers. It can prevent the marginalization of agriculture as a vocation and hence forced migration  to urban areas can be stopped.
3. Reduced Environmental Impact: Adoption of green chemistry in agriculture results in reduced chemical residues in soil, water, and food products. This contributes to healthier ecosystems, improved soil fertility, and safer food consumption for the population. It can help in solving the issue of green revolution areas becoming Cancer Capital in future.
4. Biodiversity Preservation: Green chemistry encourages the use of biologically derived compounds and natural extracts for pest and disease management. This reduces the reliance on synthetic chemicals that can harm beneficial organisms and supports the conservation of local It helps in safeguarding interests of tribal people. Also green chemistry with its innovations would help us to move out of wheat rice system which was result of green revolution as ASHOK RUDRA calls it.
5. Climate Resilience: Eco-friendly agricultural practices aligned with green chemistry principles contribute to climate resilience. Reduced chemical usage and improved land management help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changing climate patterns. It can help in mitigating the contribution of agriculture towards risk society.
6. Empowerment of Farmers: By reducing chemical dependency and promoting organic farming methods, green chemistry empowers farmers with knowledge and skills to manage their resources more effectively. This enhances their decision-making abilities and self-sufficiency. It will increase their bargaining power and reducing their marginalization.
7. Ease of living for women farmer: feminization of agriculture has created many issues for women like non availability of technology and inputs which are handy or easy to use for women. Green chemistry solutions like nano urea can help solve such issues.
8. Economic Viability: Green chemistry approaches promote the development of cost-effective and locally sourced inputs. This enhances the economic sustainability of small-scale farmers by reducing production costs and dependency on expensive chemical inputs. It can convert the Indian agriculture into profitable capitalistic venture from present state where Indian agrarian class structure is predominately having feudalistic features like indebtedness, low use of tech, low productivity ,etc. as highlighted by Dhanagre. 
9. Improved Food Security: Sustainable agricultural practices resulting from green chemistry implementation contribute to enhanced food security. Higher yields, reduced post-harvest losses, and improved soil health help meet the growing demand for food in a resource-efficient manner. It can help in solving growing challenges of malnutrition, efficient utilisation of demographic dividend.

Challenges Associated with Adoption  of Green Chemistry:

1. 1. Cultural Lag: Societal norms and cultural practices often resist change. The adoption of green technology requires altering established behaviours and practices, which can be met with scepticism and resistance due to familiarity and tradition. There can be lack in adaptive capability among the framers due to cultural lag.
   2. Social inequality: Green technology adoption might require initial investments that some individuals or communities cannot afford. Societal inequalities can hinder equitable access to sustainable alternatives, exacerbating disparities. Social exclusion and relative deprivation to economic inequality can create anomie and alienation.
   3. Institutional Barriers: Existing institutions and regulations might not align with the principles of green chemistry. Bureaucratic hurdles created by legal ration authority can slow down the implementation of new technologies, discouraging their adoption.
   4. Risk Perception: Societal perceptions of risk associated with new technologies can influence their adoption. If green chemistry solutions are perceived as risky or untested, resistance might arise.it may not mobilise collective consciousness.
   5. Education and Awareness: Lack of awareness about green chemistry and its benefits can hinder adoption. Societal awareness campaigns and educational initiatives are crucial to change mind-sets and behaviours. This would require creation of information capital.

Conclusion

The integration of green chemistry principles in India’s agrarian transformation holds immense promise. It can revolutionize resource utilization, enhance sustainable practices, mitigate environmental impact, empower farmers, and ensure food security. However, challenges such as cultural inertia, economic constraints, and institutional barriers must be navigated. Efforts to raise awareness, address inequalities, and align policies are essential for realizing the full potential of green chemistry in shaping a resilient, equitable, and prosperous agrarian landscape for India.

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META TAGS:

Green Chemistry, Agrarian Transformation, India, Sustainable Agriculture, Resource Efficiency, Environmental Impact, Biodiversity Preservation, Climate Resilience, Economic Viability, Food Security, Cultural Lag, Social Inequality, Institutional Barriers, Risk Perception, Community Development programme, programmes of rural development, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes, Green revolution and social change, Changing modes of production in India agriculture,  problems of rural labour, bondage, migration 

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