Current Affairs 19 Sep 2023
Today’s News
Hyderabad Liberation Day
(Current Affairs 19 Sep 2023 | Relevant for Prelims)
- In 2022, 17th September was declared to be celebrated annually as the Hyderabad Liberation Day. The day signifies the merger of the erstwhile Hyderabad State under Nizam rule with the Indian Union.
- Hyderabad, a significant princely state ruled by the Nizams, acknowledged British sovereignty.
- Like Junagadh and Kashmir, Hyderabad did not join India before or even after gaining independence on August 15, 1947; its Nizam aimed to remain independent and bolster his military.
- However, internal turmoil led to the Indian Army’s entry into Hyderabad on September 13, 1948, under Operation Polo to prevent regional instability and integrate Hyderabad into India.
- After integration, the Nizam retained his position as head of state, similar to other princely rulers who joined India.
- He withdrew complaints to the UN, despite protests from Pakistan and international criticism, resulting in Hyderabad becoming part of India without further UN involvement.
President of India Inaugurates NeVA
(Current Affairs 19 Sep 2023 | Relevant for Prelims)
- Recently, the President of India (hyperlink here the polity blog on president of india) inaugurated the ‘National e-Vidhan Application’ (NeVA) and addressed the Gujarat Legislative Assembly in Gandhinagar.
- The President highlighted the significance of the E-Assembly, which transforms the legislative house into a digital entity, promoting speed and transparency.
- NeVA is one of the 44 Mission Mode Projects (MMPs) under the “Digital India Programme” which aims to make the functioning of all the State Legislatures paperless by transforming them into ‘Digital House’.
Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar
(Current Affairs 19 Sep 2023 |Relevant for prelims, GS paper-2)
The Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India, organizes Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar every year to celebrate the energy, determination, ability, zeal and enthusiasm of our children.
Two Categories: The Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar is given under two categories:
- Bal Shakti Puraskar, and
- Bal Kalyan Puraskar.
Bal Shakti Puraskar:
- Recognition:
It is given by the Government of India every year to recognize exceptional achievements of children in various fields i.e., innovation, scholastic achievements, social service, arts & culture, sports and bravery.
- Eligibility:
A child who is an Indian Citizen and residing in India and is between 5-18 years of age.
- Award:
A medal, a cash prize of Rs. 1,00,000, book vouchers worth Rs.10,000, a certificate and citation.
- Background:
It was instituted in 1996 as the National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement, renamed from 2018 as Bal Shakti Puraskar.
Bal Kalyan Puraskar:
- Recognition:
It is given as recognition to Individuals and Institutions, who have made an outstanding contribution towards service for children in the field of child development, child protection and child welfare.
- Eligibility:
An individual who is an Indian Citizen and residing in India and should have attained the age of 18 years or above (as on 31st August of respective year). She/he should have worked for the cause of children for not less than 7 years.
The institution should not be entirely funded by the government and should have been in the field of child welfare for 10 years and performing consistently in the field.
- Award:
Three awards are given in each of the two categories – Individual and Institution – along with cash prizes (Rs. 1,00, 000 and Rs. 5,00, 000 respectively).
- Background:
It was instituted in 1979 as the National Child Welfare Awards, renamed from 2018 as Bal Kalyan Puraskar.
Disruptive weather and climate phenomena: impact on India
(Current Affairs 19 Sep 2023 |Relevant for GS paper-3)
In 2023, India experienced a series of disruptive weather and climate phenomena, highlighting the intricacies of its precipitation system, impacting the Food Security.
Changing Weather and Climate Phenomena
- Western Disturbance: Traditionally, the Western Disturbance brings crucial moisture from European seas to the western Himalayas and certain northern parts of India during the winter and spring seasons. However, in 2023, this disturbance persisted unusually late into the summer, causing complications in the transition to the Southwest Monsoon season. This atypical behavior has raised concerns regarding its impact on precipitation patterns. It is likely that climate-related warming will weaken winter precipitation from the Western Disturbance and lead to a shift towards more intense rainfall events.
- El Niño and IOD: An intensification of the El Niño phase within the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is occurring, which could potentially have adverse effects on the southwest monsoon. It’s important to note that not all El Niño events have a negative impact on the monsoon, given its complex dynamics. The relationship between El Niño and the monsoon is continuously evolving. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has the potential to counterbalance the adverse effects of El Niño on the South West Monsoon. Dynamic regression models suggest that 65% of the year-to-year variability in the southwest monsoon can be attributed to the combined influence of ENSO and IOD. Additionally, some studies have found that 43% of heavy rainfall events during the Northeast Monsoon coincide with an El Niño event.
Climate Phenomena Impact on Agriculture and Water Resources
- El Niño’s Impact on Green Water: Agriculture depends on two essential water sources: green water, derived from soil moisture due to rainfall, and blue water, sourced from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater for irrigation. Both are critical for ensuring food security.
- Climate phenomena such as El Niño can disrupt rain fed agriculture, affecting activities like sowing, plant growth, and soil moisture levels. Despite investments in irrigation infrastructure, approximately half of India’s cultivated land relies on green water, underscoring the importance of rain fed agriculture in ensuring food security.
- The contributions of green water from the monsoon and the Western disturbance play pivotal roles in preserving blue water reserves and groundwater, ultimately influencing the success of Rabi Crops sown in winter and overall water security.
- El Niño’s Influence on Crop Susceptibility: Even in areas with irrigation systems in place, crops like rice paddy, soybean, tur dal, groundnut, and maize still rely on green water, making them susceptible to the impacts of climate variability. For example, during the 2015-2016 El Niño year, soybean production experienced a significant 28% decline.
Climate Hotspots in India Impacted by Declining Monsoon Precipitation
- Water Stress in Central India: Certain regions in Central India are becoming focal points of climate change impacts, which carry significant implications for water, food, and ecological security. Prolonged water stress and urban areas grappling with water shortages present formidable challenges.
- Declining Monsoon Precipitation: Monsoon precipitation has exhibited a decline since the 1950s, potentially attributable to reduced land-sea temperature differences caused by warming seas. Simultaneously, there’s an observed increase in the intensity of rainfall events and heat stress, further complicating the situation.
- Model Uncertainties: Global climate models encounter difficulties in replicating observed precipitation patterns, introducing uncertainties into future projections. Climate scientists are actively working to enhance the accuracy of these models.
Effective management of dams and reservoirs is crucial to reduce flood risks and ecological damage.
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GS Related Practices Question…
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