Relevant for General Studies & Sociology – UPSC-CSE 2019
- An estimated 3.2 crore casual labourers lost their jobs in rural India between 2011-12 and 2017-18, a 29.2 per cent slide over the previous survey. Of these, almost 3 crore were those working on farms.
- This translates to an over 40 per cent shrinkage in the casual farm labour workforce since 2011-12, according to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2017-2018 report by NSSO which the government has declined to release. Casual labour refers to those employed from time to time according to exigencies of work.
- The share of rural households with major income from casual labour in agriculture decreased by 10 percentage points since 2011-12. That works out to a drop of 15 million families (from 36 million to 21 million) dependent on casual farm work (see chart).
- According to NSSO data, the rural casual labour segment — farm and non-farm — shows an overall slide of 7.3 per cent in male and 3.3 per cent in female employment since 2011-12. This adds up to a total employment loss of 3.2 crore. A bulk of this loss, almost 3 crore, was in casual farm labour since the fall in households dependent on non-agricultural casual labour was negligible (from 13.5 per cent to 12.9 per cent).
- The NSSO report, though approved by the National Statistical Commission in December 2018, is yet to be released by the government. Two members of the NSC, including its Acting Chairperson PN Mohanan had resigned January end protesting the withholding of the report
- Significantly, the PLFS 2017-18 report identifies a 4 per cent rise in self-employed farm labour. “Since it is unlikely that casual labourers became landholders overnight, this may be partly explained by a stagnation in agriculture leading to reduced hiring capacity of the landowner. As a result, hired casual labour is getting substituted by household (self) labour,” said an expert who did not wish to be named.
- More rural men and women were employed in the regular wage/salary segment which jumped 31 per cent in the actual number of employed over 2011-12. But a small base meant that absorbed only 80 lakh more.
- In comparison, 1.9 crore were pushed out of rural self-employment and another 3.2 crore from rural casual labour. Together, the number of working people in the rural segment fell by 4.3 crore since 2011-12.