IAS, SANJITA MOHAPATRA
Water Resource Management is the need of the hour.
(Relevant for Essay Writing for UPSC Civil Services Examination)
Water Resource Management is the need of the hour.“Savitabai is in a foul mood since morning. Her elder sister-in-law has been consistently trying to calm her down. Savitabai’s husband has gone off to the nearby village for marrying another woman. NO, he is not unfaithful. But he has no other choice, Savitabai is Pregnant. And he needs someone to fetch water for the family. Welcome to the world of water wives Highly prevalent in districts of Maharashtra, it is a genuine solution formulated by village men to avert the water crises.
Water the basic elixir of life. It’s a basic necessity for the survival of humans. The body of humans is made up of 70% water. The earth is made up of 70% water. The missions launched to outer space. To the moon are off to detect the presence of water. There is a bloodbath between states over river water sharing. Farmers die in hundreds because of water. Animals perish due to lack of water. Forests are drying out because of depletion of groundwater. Millions die all over the world because of unsanitary water. Do we need any more reasons to ask ourselves why water is such a vital component for the survival of the human race and the earth’s ecosystems?
Water – mundane yet irreplaceable:
Imagining a day without a drop of water is something no one can even comprehend. Daily needs of humans revolve around water – from drinking, to cooking, to bathing, to dining. Industries need a huge amount of water to keep them running such as thermal power plants. Machines need water to run efficiently. Farmers need water to grow crops which in turn ensures food security. From the discovery of the great bath in the Indus Valley civilization, to the construction of structures like Rani-ki-Vav, to the development of large-scale dams, water resource management has been an integral part of human civilization. Water Resource Management – definition Water resource management refers to planning, coordinating, conserving and sustainable utilization of the water resources available. From the earliest civilizations we have evidence of humans’ dexterity to manage water surrounded by water reservoir for use in the Indus Valley civilization. The traditional techniques such as Ahass, Pynes, bunds, bamboo drainage system in North east India are various other types of other water Resource Management systems. In modern times we have developed many advanced systems for water resource management. Water Resource Management – why do we need it? In ancient times, when man lived in harmony with nature, the water cycle stayed intact, there was enough water for everyone’s need. But as the phases of development kicked in, man exploited the water resources unmindfully to satiate its greed. It ignored the future fallouts which has resulted in an impending disaster. Day Zero in South Africa which was very narrowly avoided by the people showed humanity the result of utilizing the resources unsustainably. Taps running dry, people queuing up for hours to get a bucket of water from water tankers was a common scene these. And still human race did not learn any fine lesson. Because we saw the whole episode repeat in the recent drought-like situation observed in Chennai in 2019. The rivers ran dry, taps were out of water people faced untold misery. Similar catastrophe befell on the Himalayan city of Shimla in 2018 when the springs ran dry. Hotels were shutdown. People were bewildered that a city in the lap of Himalayas could even go dry. Tourism was severely hurt. The unsustainable, unmindful extraction of water resources because of unplanned flourishing of tourism industry had led to such a dire state. World Water Commission I pointed out that by 2020 nearly two cities in the world would face their Day Zero. Bengaluru, being 2nd in this list is an area of concern with the huge population and capital dependent on it. Again in the agricultural sector which is hugely dependent on water, the water crisis has telling effect. For agrarian countries like India with low penetration of irrigation coupled with vagaries of monsoon, agriculture has become a risky business cases of farmer’s suicide have abounded in the coming years. In the manufacturing sector lack of water resources can lead to shutting down of plants, job losses. This in turn will have a negative impact on the economy and well-being of people, pushing them into poverty. Environment is being severely affected due to mismanagement of water resources. Discharging of sewage, untreated sewage, untreated wastes from pharmaceutical, leather, tanning industries etc have polluted the rivers, the seas, the lakes. The water biodiversity is decaying. Millions of people are falling sick due to unsanitary water access e.g – The polluting Ganga and Yamuna are unfit for human use. Drying up of natural reservoirs of water and lack of any other artificial water sources are slowly killing the wildlife groundwater depletion being too high, the animals are even being unable to ensure their basic survival. Absence of any water resource management leads to lack proper management of disasters such as droughts. e.g Gujarat with its mission to manage decentralized tube wells was well prepared to avert any major disaster. In the economic sphere, lack of proper water resource management can lead to heavy losses. Frequent occurrence of droughts with no plan in place to mitigate it led to devastation of crops. states like UE, Maharashtra Mp, Rajasthan etc had to provide loan waivers. This in turn hurts the fiscal capacity of state. Interstate river water sharing disputes lead to enormous waste of people’s money, time and energy. Political opportunism further aggravates the situation. The loser among all is the farmer farming upstream and downstream the river. At the societal level, the lack of proper water resources management has led rising conflict between groups Growing incidences of vandalism as seen in the borders of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu over Kaveri river water dispute deepens social fissures. It leads to loss of fraternity and peace. It creates social divide. Even at the family level lack of access to water resources has the most telling impact on women and girl child. As they are responsible for it. Spending considerable time on fetching water, they have no time left for education, community participation. They are further domesticated. Hence we see how management of water resources is a very basic yet profound importance for human survival, well-being and happiness. It is also needed for maintaining societal peace and well-being. Recent initializes for Water Resources Management: Mission Kakatiya by Telangana Government is an initiative to desilt tanks, bunds and make them ready to conserve water. SWAR system developed by CEC, an NGO for dry land farming in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, wherein adequate water is provided at the tip of the roots to conserve water. Pani Panchayat in Odisha wherein farmers’ community take care of the local needs of water by consultation among themselves. Participatory Community Management in Gujarat is also a community-driven decentralized water conservation techniques. Indian government schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana which comprises watershed development Programme, Per drop more crop, Har Khet Ko Pani schemes. Desilting of baolis of ancient times such as Rani-Ki-Vav to utilize them for water conservation. Rainwater harvesting has been made compulsory for approving any building plans in Tamil Nadu. Even in cities of South Africa, communities are actively participating in managing their |
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