{Relevant for Civil Service Examination.}
Understanding the Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024
The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Bill, 2024, was presented in Lok Sabha on February 5 and approved on February 6. The objective of the bill is to curb “unfair means” in public examinations, enhancing transparency, fairness, and credibility in the examination system. The term “unfair means” is elaborated in Section 3 of the bill, encompassing actions like leaking question papers, tampering with answer sheets, and creating fake websites.
The bill defines “public examinations” under Section 2(k) as those conducted by designated public examination authorities mentioned in the schedule or other authorities notified by the Central Government. The listed authorities include UPSC, SSC, RRBs, IBPS, and NTA. Additionally, all Central Government Ministries and Departments, along with their attached offices, fall under the scope of the law.
For violations, Section 9 specifies that offenses are cognizable, non-bailable, and non-compoundable. The punishment for individuals involved in unfair means can range from three to five years in prison, coupled with a fine up to Rs 10 lakh. Failure to pay the fine may lead to additional imprisonment. Section 10(2) imposes fines up to Rs 1 crore on service providers supporting examination conduct.
The bill introduces harsher penalties for organized paper leaks, defining organized crime as a conspiracy for wrongful gain in public examinations. Section 11(1) prescribes imprisonment of not less than five years, extendable to ten years, and a fine of at least one crore rupees.
The government introduced the bill in response to numerous question paper leaks affecting recruitment exams nationwide. The legislation aims to address malpractices, delays, and cancellations in examinations, ensuring the fairness and credibility of the public examination system. The bill excludes candidates from liability, emphasizing that they will continue to be governed by existing administrative provisions.
Once enacted, the bill will serve as a model for states to adopt, assisting them in preventing criminal disruptions in their state-level public examinations.
Reference: Statistics
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.
Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.
2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.
Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.
3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.
4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.
5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.
6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.
7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.
8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.
9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.
10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.
GS Related Practices Questions…
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