Ethics

(Relevant for Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)

Ethics is a system of moral principles and a branch of philosophy that delineates what is beneficial for individuals and society. It distinguishes itself from other subjective and individual-dependent terms such as values and morality. Unlike these concepts, ethics is characterized by a structured and well-defined framework as a branch of social science. Its etymology can be traced back to the Greek word “ethos,” which connotes customs, habits, character, or disposition.

Ethics covers the following dilemmas:

Ethics encompasses various aspects, including guiding principles for leading a virtuous life, our entitlements and obligations, the discourse surrounding moral judgments, and making ethical choices to distinguish between what is morally right or wrong. The foundations of our ethical concepts have been shaped by religions, philosophies, and cultural influences. These concepts permeate discussions on contentious issues such as abortion, human rights, and professional conduct.

Approaches to Ethics

Nowadays, philosophers tend to categorize ethical theories into three main areas: meta-ethics, Normative Ethics, and applied ethics.

• Meta-ethics, as the name implies, explores the ethics of ethics itself. It delves into the nature of moral judgments and investigates the origins and significance of ethical principles.
• Normative Ethics focuses on the substance or standards of moral judgments and examines the criteria for determining what is right or wrong.
• Applied ethics tackles contentious subjects such as war, animal rights, and capital punishment. It also encompasses issues related to bioethics and LGBTQI rights. Additionally, it encompasses contexts such as euthanasia, suicide, genetic engineering, and designer babies. As society progresses, newer dimensions of ethics are included in this realm.
• Technological advancements like artificial learning, machine learning, and robotics raise questions about their impact on employment and people’s livelihoods, representing some of the emerging dimensions of applied ethics. Furthermore, topics like self-driven cars, their insurance coverage, and the decisions made by their algorithms in unavoidable accidents resulting in fatalities can be included in this discourse.

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