Understanding Social Survey Sociology
(Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Services Examination)
- Social Survey sociology focus on collecting standardized information from a vast group of individuals. According to Aldridge and Levine, the defining trait of such a study is its ability to amass consistent data from every participant in a chosen sample.
- Typically, data is gathered in a statistical format, with questionnaires being a commonly employed tool for this purpose.
- Stephen Ackroyd and John A. Hughes identify three predominant categories of social survey
- The factual survey is used to collect descriptive information. The government census can be seen as a type of factual survey. This survey method has often been used to collect data on poverty and social exclusion.
- The attitude survey is often carried out by opinion poll organisations. Instead of producing descriptive information about the social world, this type of survey attempts to discover the subjective states of individuals. Many polling organisations collect information about attitudes to political policies and personalities.
- The explanatory survey is more ambitious than the other types, since it goes beyond description and tries to test theories and hypotheses or to produce new theories
- Most sociological surveys contain some explanatory element. Marshall et al., for example, tested the theory that routine white-collar workers had become proletarianised. To illustrate, Marshall and colleagues explored the hypothesis that regular white-collar professionals were increasingly becoming proletarian.
- Studies like the one executed by Bennett and team on British cultural aspects have both illustrative and comprehensive aims. Their research utilized study data to both highlight cultural disparities and verify Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts related to class and culture.
Key Elements
A primary goal for researchers conducting Social Survey sociology is to extract findings that can be extrapolated to a broader audience. Hence, they often rely on meticulously curated samples.
Questionnaire
Fundamentally, a questionnaire is a series of pre-determined questions. When conducting research using questionnaires, respondents usually encounter the same questions in a consistent sequence to ensure uniform data collection from all participants.
Distributing Questionnaires
There are varied methods to disseminate questionnaires:
Directly to respondents via trained professionals, thus following a structured interview format. This method benefits from having an expert present to ensure questionnaires are filled out as intended and to clarify any confusing queries. However, this approach can sometimes lead to interviewer influence, which might skew responses. Furthermore, it’s comparatively more costly than other methods.
Through mail, where individuals receive the questionnaire along with a return envelope. This approach is cost-effective, particularly when respondents are spread across large distances.
Via telephone, a method predominantly used by marketing firms. Though frequently used, sociologists don’t always find this method optimal.
Digital distribution, such as emails or other online platforms. Geoff Payne and Judy Payne propose that this method can be particularly effective when reaching out to wide-spread audiences or those who might be hesitant to engage in direct conversations.
To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques.
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