Discuss the nature of social organization of work in capitalist society with reference to the Limits of the working day.
Section: B
Sociology Paper 2018.
Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Services Examination.
Paper 1: Unit-6 Work and Economic Life
Question: Discuss the nature of social organization of work in capitalist society with reference to the Limits of the working day.
– 10 Marks
Introduction: Brief About the Marxian Idea of Capitalism.Main Body: Details About the Limits of Working Day.Conclusion: Relevance of the Idea. |
Introduction:
- A key component of Marxist theory, labour exploitation emphasizes the disparity between the value created by workers and the wages they are paid. In capitalist society, the profit motive predominantly drives work, and the capitalists aim to extract maximum surplus value from the labour.
- A significant aspect to explore in this context is the limits of the working day, which manifests the inherent conflict between the capitalist’s desire for maximizing surplus value and the worker’s need for fair compensation and humane working hours.
Main Body:
- The capitalist system, rooted in Marx’s theory, predominantly functions on profit and surplus extraction. The working day’s length becomes a battlefield where the capitalist desires to maximize surplus labour beyond the necessary labour time.
- According to Marx, every worker is paid a wage that corresponds to the subsistence level, yet the value that the labour adds to the commodity is far greater than the wage paid. The excess value, or surplus value, generated becomes the profit pocketed by the capitalist.
- Taking an example into consideration, let’s explore the textile industry, particularly the case of garment workers in cities like Bangalore. A large number of women workers are employed in this sector. The owners or capitalists aim to derive maximum production output within minimal time frames.
- Often, these workers are required to work long hours, extending beyond the statutory limits, without proportional overtime wages. (National Labour Institute reports on Garment Industry in Bangalore).
- Despite the exhaustive working hours, their compensation does not reflect the true value of their labour contribution, indicating a high level of exploitation. In essence, the surplus value extracted by the capitalist is significant, while the workers remain at a subsistence level, highlighting the nature of work organization in a capitalist society.
- In the realms of legal and moral constraints, the working hours should ideally be limited, keeping in view the Worker’s Physical and Mental Well-Being. However, the capitalist motive primarily seeks to stretch these boundaries to optimize surplus extraction, often leading to conflicts and necessitating interventions from labour unions and legal institutions.
Conclusion:
The concept of the limits of the working day is crucial for safeguarding labour rights, promoting worker well-being, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. It prevents exploitation, supports productivity, and is a fundamental principle in labour laws, contributing to economic stability and human rights.
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