Current Affairs 12 Sep 2023
Today’s News
Crown Shyness
(Current Affairs 12 Sep 2023 | Relevant for Prelims)
- Crown shyness is a phenomenon common in temperate deciduous forests, where the tops of some trees do not touch each other, creating gaps of sky between them.
- It is observed in many species of trees, such as black mangrove, camphor, and Japanese larch.
- Scientists have different hypotheses to explain why crown shyness happens, such as reducing competition for light, preventing disease transmission, or avoiding physical damage from wind.
- Crown shyness creates intricate patterns and enhances light penetration in the forest.
21st Edition of India-France Bilateral Naval Exercise ‘VARUNA’
(Current Affairs 12 Sep 2023 |Relevant for Prelims)
- The Phase II of Varuna-23, the bilateral naval exercise between the Indian and French Navies, took place in the Arabian Sea.
- This exercise involved guided missile frigates, tankers, Maritime Patrol Aircraft, and integral helicopters from both sides.
- Varuna, which began in 1993 and was officially named in 2001, has evolved over the years into a symbol of the strong strategic relationship between India and France.
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano
(Current Affairs 12 Sep 2023 |Relevant for prelims)
- A recent study reveals that during the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption in January 2022, ejected rock and ash rapidly collapsed into the ocean, forming a high-speed and destructive underwater debris flow.
- The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano is a submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean. Its located 40 miles north of Tongatapu, Tonga’s main island.
- The volcano formed in 2015 when a moderate eruption fused two uninhabited islands into one.
- The volcano is part of the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, where the Pacific Plate is pushed under the Indo-Australian Plate, forming a long chain of volcanoes and islands.
Status of E-Waste Management in India
(Current Affairs 12 Sep 2023 |Relevant for GS paper-3)
- The Indian Cellular and Electronics Association (ICEA) has released a comprehensive report titled ‘Pathways to Circular Economy in the Indian Electronics Sector.’
- According to the ICEA report, e-waste management in India is predominantly informal, with approximately 90% of e-waste collection and 70% of recycling being managed by a competitive informal sector.
- The informal sector excels at salvaging older electronic devices for spare parts and profitably carrying out repairs.
- Industrial hubs like Moradabad specialize in processing printed circuit boards (PCBs) to extract valuable materials like gold and silver.
- The report emphasizes the need to shift the outlook on e-waste management towards establishing a circular economy.
- China serves as an example, targeting to use 35% of secondary raw materials in the manufacturing of new products by 2030, reflecting a circular economy approach.
- Proposed Strategies for a Circular Economy in E-Waste:The ICEA report outlines several key strategies to usher in a circular economy for e-waste in India:
- Public-Private Partnerships (PPP):Collaboration between government bodies and private enterprises is essential to distribute the costs of setting up a reverse supply chain.
- This complex endeavour involves collecting devices from users, erasing personal data, and channelling them for further processing and recycling.
- Auditable Database: The creation of a transparent and auditable database of materials collected through the reverse supply chain process can enhance accountability and traceability.
- Geographical Clusters: Establishing geographical clusters where discarded devices are gathered and dismantled can optimize the recycling process, making it more efficient and cost-effective.
- Incentivizing ‘High-Yield’ Recycling Centers: Encouraging the development of high-yield recycling facilities can help maximize the value extraction from electronic products, including rare earth metals in semiconductors.
- Promoting Repair and Product Longevity: Policy recommendations include encouraging repair and making products last longer.
Basics
E-Waste
- Electronic waste (e-waste), is a generic term used to describe all types of old, end-of-life or discarded electrical and electronic equipment, such as household appliances, office information and communications equipment etc.
- E-waste contains numerous toxic chemicals including metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and nickel.
- India currently ranks third among the largest generators of e-waste globally, behind only China and the US.
- The volume of e-waste in India has witnessed a significant surge to 1.6 million tones in 2021-22.
- The 65 cities in India generate more than 60% of the total generated e-waste, whereas 10 states generate 70% of the total e-waste.
SN 1987A Supernova
(Current Affairs 12 Sep 2023 |Relevant for prelims)
- SN1987A exploded in 1987, becoming the nearest and brightest supernova visible from earth in nearly four centuries.
- SN1987A is situated 170,000 light-years away from Earth in the Large Magellan Cloud.
- Now, the JWST is revealing intricate details of this cosmic event that have remained hidden until now.
- SN1987A is often referred to as a “string of pearls” as it showcases a series of luminous rings composed of gases and dust expelled by the dying star in its various phases of collapse and explosion.
- This string of pearls comprises material ejected about 20,000 years before the supernova event, offering insights into the star’s history and evolution.
- The star exploded when it was a blue supergiant (contrary to the theories as per which only red supergiant stars could explode).
- Emission of molecular hydrogen in the ring was not necessarily expected (also it couldn’t have been revealed without JWST).
To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques.
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Choose The Best Sociology Optional Teacher for IAS Preparation?
At the beginning of the journey for Civil Services Examination preparation, many students face a pivotal decision – selecting their optional subject. Questions such as “which optional subject is the best?” and “which optional subject is the most scoring?” frequently come to mind. Choosing the right optional subject, like choosing the best sociology optional teacher, is a subjective yet vital step that requires a thoughtful decision based on facts. A misstep in this crucial decision can indeed prove disastrous.
Ever since the exam pattern was revamped in 2013, the UPSC has eliminated the need for a second optional subject. Now, candidates have to choose only one optional subject for the UPSC Mains, which has two papers of 250 marks each. One of the compelling choices for many has been the sociology optional. However, it’s strongly advised to decide on your optional subject for mains well ahead of time to get sufficient time to complete the syllabus. After all, most students score similarly in General Studies Papers; it’s the score in the optional subject & essay that contributes significantly to the final selection.
“A sound strategy does not rely solely on the popular
Opinion of toppers or famous YouTubers cum teachers.”
It requires understanding one’s ability, interest, and the relevance of the subject, not just for the exam but also for life in general. Hence, when selecting the best sociology teacher, one must consider the usefulness of sociology optional coaching in General Studies, Essay, and Personality Test.
The choice of the optional subject should be based on objective criteria, such as the nature, scope, and size of the syllabus, uniformity and stability in the question pattern, relevance of the syllabic content in daily life in society, and the availability of study material and guidance. For example, choosing the best sociology optional coaching can ensure access to top-quality study materials and experienced teachers. Always remember, the approach of the UPSC optional subject differs from your academic studies of subjects. Therefore, before settling for sociology optional, you need to analyze the syllabus, previous years’ pattern, subject requirements (be it ideal, visionary, numerical, conceptual theoretical), and your comfort level with the subject.
This decision marks a critical point in your UPSC – CSE journey, potentially determining your success in a career in IAS/Civil Services. Therefore, it’s crucial to choose wisely, whether it’s the optional subject or the best sociology optional teacher. Always base your decision on accurate facts, and never let your emotional biases guide your choices. After all, the search for the best sociology optional coaching is about finding the perfect fit for your unique academic needs and aspirations.
To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques. Sociology, Social theory, Best Sociology Optional Teacher, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.
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