Climate Change UPSC
(Relevant for General Studies Paper | Prelims/Mains)
What is Climate Change?
Climate change refers to enduring variations in global temperatures and weather events. While such variations can naturally occur due to factors like volcanic activity or solar fluctuations, the primary force behind recent climate change has been human activity, chiefly the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
Burning these fuels leads to the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, which act like a thermal cover around the Earth, trapping heat and leading to a rise in temperatures. Major sources of these gases include not just transportation and heating, but also deforestation and certain types of industrial and agricultural practices.
The Human Factor in Global Warming:
Extensive scientific evidence shows that human-induced activities have been the predominant cause of global warming over the past 200 years. These activities have led to a rapid increase in global temperatures, the fastest in at least the last two millennia. The Earth’s average surface temperature is now approximately 1.1°C higher than it was prior to the Industrial Revolution, and the last decade (2011-2020) was the warmest ever recorded.
Beyond Just Warming Temperatures:
While many focus on the temperature increase as the primary indicator of climate change, it’s only part of the picture. Earth is a complex system, and changes in one component can influence the entire ecosystem. We are already witnessing severe consequences such as increased droughts, water shortages, wildfires, flooding, and more, all related to the shifting climate.
Varied Impact on Communities:
The repercussions of climate change are felt differently across populations. Vulnerable communities, like those in small island countries or in the developing world, face particularly dire circumstances like rising sea levels and persistent droughts. These conditions have forced entire communities to relocate and have exacerbated food shortages. In the coming years, the number of “climate refugees” is expected to rise.
The Urgency of Limiting Temperature Rise:
Multiple UN reports and scientific agreements advocate for capping global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels to avoid disastrous consequences. However, current policies are leading us toward a temperature increase of around 2.8°C by century’s end. Large emitters like China, the USA, India, the European Union, Indonesia, Russia, and Brazil are particularly responsible and need to take urgent action.
Solutions and Immediate Actions Required:
There are many actionable solutions that can provide economic gains while mitigating climate risks. International frameworks like the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement offer guidelines for emissions reduction, adaptation, and financing. Switching to renewable energy sources is crucial, and to stay below 1.5°C warming, fossil fuel usage needs drastic cuts. In terms of adaptation, investments in early warning systems and other protective measures can offer high returns.
Financial Considerations:
Taking action against climate change will require substantial investment from both governments and the private sector. However, the cost of inaction far outweighs the price of proactive measures. Industrialized nations must honor their commitment to provide $100 billion per year to help developing countries transition to sustainable practices and adapt to climate changes.
For a deeper understanding of the specific terms related to climate change, consider referring to the Climate Dictionary.
Reference The Hindu
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Question: What is the primary driver of recent climate change, and how does it affect global temperatures?
Answer: Human activities, particularly the combustion of fossil fuels, release greenhouse gases that trap heat, leading to a rise in global temperatures.
2. Question: How has climate change impacted vulnerable communities, and what specific challenges do they face?
Answer: Vulnerable communities, such as those in small island countries and the developing world, experience rising sea levels, droughts, food shortages, and forced relocations due to climate change.
3. Question: What is the recommended global temperature limit to avoid disastrous consequences, and what actions are required to achieve this goal?
Answer: The recommended temperature limit is 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. To achieve this, drastic cuts in fossil fuel usage, transitioning to renewable energy, and adherence to international agreements like the Paris Agreement are essential.
4. Question: What financial considerations are associated with addressing climate change, and why is it crucial for industrialized nations to provide financial support to developing countries?
Answer: Addressing climate change requires significant investments. Industrialized nations must provide $100 billion per year to help developing countries transition to sustainable practices and adapt to climate changes, as the cost of inaction is far higher.
GS Related Practices Questions…
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Climate change UPSC, climate change, global warming, greenhouse gases, human activities, temperature rise, consequences, vulnerable communities, urgent actions, renewable energy, Paris Agreement, sustainable development, climate finance, Climate change environmental,
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