Child Abuse
Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Service Examination.
Sociology Paper -2
Unit 3 : Social Change in India : Industrialization and Urbanisation in India
Child Abuse
- Rousseau believed that children are born good but are quite different from adults. They need careful handling and and the good side of their nature must be coaxed out of them sympathetically. Each child is individual and special. However with advent of complexicity of modernity value associated with child has changed and hence there is seen increasing incidences of child abuse.
- Child abuse encompasses physical, emotional, sexual, and neglectful maltreatment of children, which can have profound and lasting impacts on their development and well-being.
Main body
Various dimensions of child abuse and reasons underlying:
- Abuse of children within family:
- with increasing stress and changing family structures in Indian families, it becomes difficult for parents to handle stress/ in such cases children become EMOTIONAL SCAPEGOATS as highlighted by Vogel And
- Children become victim of sexual abuse in near relatives and they are even sometimes not aware about course of action and feared.
- Domestic violence, divorces etc cause mental trauma.
- New form of families like live in; liquid love make children more vulnerable to mental, physical violence alongside social stigma attached with kids born out of such modern institutions.
- Poverty and child abuse: Poverty intersects with child abuse at multiple levels.
- Child labour is considered vital for survival, and makes children vulnerable to physical, emotional and sexual abuse.
- Culture of poverty like use of drug, alcoholism etc make children more vulnerable to abuse.
- Sometimes poverty leads people to indulge into deviant behaviours like child trafficking or selling child for money.
- Tradition and child abuse : some Indian traditions make children exposed to ill practices
- Child marriage is associated with traditional aspect of society and still prevalent in many areas.
- Female genital mutilation another traditional aspect
- It is still considered shameful to raise issue of sexual violence
- Corporal punishment is also traditionally acceptable
- Modernity and its ill effects:
- Internet and enhanced vulnerability: internet and social media has led more vulnerable to children to trolling , online verbal abuse
- Child pornography is another aspect of modern risk society.
- Functional alternatives like child care homes, educational institutions etc. Also sometimes due to cultural lag has some dysfunctional aspect of exposing the kids to abuse.
- Lack of Education: Limited access to quality education, particularly in rural areas, hinders awareness about child rights and protection measures. This lack of awareness perpetuates cycles of abuse.
- Inefficiency of legal rational institutions: legal rational institutions like POCSO ACT , The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights are not working efficiently. it has highlighted iron cage of rationality highlighted by WEBER, which make kids marginalised and prone to violence.
- Deviance and inherent vulnerability of kids: children are inherently tender and weak and are not able to save themselves or raise voice against crime. This makes them more vulnerable and exposed to criminals
- Caste , gender and physical disability are another aspects which makes children more vulnerable to abuse.
The consequences of child abuse are profound and long-lasting. Physical and emotional scars can lead to impaired development, mental health issues, and perpetuation of the cycle of abuse through intergenerational transmissions. The escalating trend of child abuse in India is a complex issue rooted in historical, cultural, and socio-economic factors remind us that addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach that tackles not only individual cases but also the structural inequalities and societal norms that enable such abuse. Efforts to combat child abuse must encompass education, awareness campaigns, legal reforms, and the promotion of gender equality, ultimately working towards creating a safer environment for the youngest members of society.
Reference: Static Portion
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.
Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.
2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.
Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.
3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.
4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.
5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.
6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.
7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.
8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.
9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.
10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.
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