Challenges in Empowerment of Women
Relevant for Sociology Optional for Civil Service Examination.
Sociology Paper -2
Unit 3 : Social Change in India : Vision of Social change in India
Challenges in Empowerment of Women
- Developmental efforts undertaken in every sphere have not had always the desired and a uniform effort on all categories of women. We must remember that women do not constitute a homogeneous category in India. Groups of women not only differ from one another in terms of physical and demographic characteristics but also in behaviour patterns determined by factors like region, caste, class, religion etc.
- Sociological lens emphasizes the unequal impact of legal measures across diverse regions. While there have been advancements in urban areas, rural settings may witness limited penetration of legal empowerment due to factors such as education gaps and awareness deficits.
- The criticism of weak enforcement highlights the disparity between legal provisions and their practical impact. The discrepancy in the application of laws contributes to ongoing challenges faced by women, perpetuating discrimination and violence.
- The intricate tapestry of India’s cultural and religious diversity complicates the straightforward application of legal measures. Cultural norms and personal laws often intersect with, and at times, counteract legal provisions, shaping women’s experiences and opportunities.
- Only certain sections of women like the upper and middle castes and classes have benefited by these programmes. A vast majority of Indian women, across the nation are still subject to discrimination, exploitation and lead a confined, restricted life.
- The limitations arising out of a limited and faulty conception and implementation of developmental measures pose problems towards the progress in the desired direction. Apart from these limitations, problems arise because the degree of social acceptance of desired goals set by the Constitution vary from group to group and from time to time. Attitudes which define women primarily as a housewife, wife and a mother influence the treatment and position accorded to women.
- Even among the educated and working women, conflict between home-making and seeking a career occurs. The contours of a woman’s life have expanded but her options and choices in life are still limited. Both men and women have to redefine their attitudes and values if the goals of equality, justice and development are to be achieved.
Reference: Static Portion
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Frequently Asked Questions:
1. Question: Define the term “ethnic movement” and provide an example from India.
Answer: An ethnic movement refers to a collective effort by a group sharing common cultural, linguistic, or religious traits, seeking to assert their identity and rights; an example from India is the Khalistan Movement in Punjab.
2. Question: Identify the main objectives behind the Gorkhaland ethnic movement.
Answer: The Gorkhaland ethnic movement primarily seeks to establish a separate state for India’s Nepali-speaking population in the Darjeeling region, advocating for linguistic and cultural recognition and political autonomy.
3. Question: What was the Operation Blue Star, and which ethnic movement was it related to?
Answer: Operation Blue Star was a military action in 1984, aiming to remove Sikh militants hiding in the Golden Temple in Amritsar; it is related to the Khalistan movement, which sought a separate Sikh country.
4. Question: Mention a critical factor that triggered the emergence of ethnic movements in India, as discussed by Dipankar Gupta.
Answer: Dipankar Gupta emphasized that ethnicity is fundamentally a political process, wherein caste and religion, the key components of identity formation, are politicized by leaders for vested interests.
5. Question: What were the primary reasons for the Assam Ethnicity conflicts involving Bodo tribals and Bengali Muslim settlers?
Answer: The Assam Ethnicity conflicts primarily stemmed from issues related to immigration, land rights, and resource allocation, leading to clashes, riots, and evolving relationships among indigenous communities to address challenges.
6. Question: Briefly describe the role of the Dravidian Movement in terms of caste and societal structure.
Answer: The Dravidian Movement, led notably by E.V. Ramasamy, aimed to establish an egalitarian society, focusing on anti-Brahmanism and advocating for equal rights for backward castes, while also introducing reforms like self-respect marriages.
7. Question: Name the prominent ethnic movements in North-East India and specify one common objective.
Answer: Prominent ethnic movements in North-East India include the Nagas’ and Mizos’ struggles; a common objective was to gain autonomy and recognition for their distinct tribal identities and cultural uniqueness.
8. Question: What is the key argument of Gail Omveldt regarding traditional Indian society and multiculturalism?
Answer: Gail Omveldt opposed romanticizing traditional Indian society, arguing that hierarchy has always dominated it and dismissing the notion that multiculturalism is an intrinsic feature of Indian society as a myth.
9. Question: Briefly explain the social hierarchy factor as a contributing element to ethnic movements as suggested by Olzak.
Answer: Olzak suggests that the construction of hierarchies among ethnic communities, which often leads to the suppression of one group by another, is a key factor that can instigate social and ethnic movements.
10. Question: Identify one consequence of the unequal economic development factor within the context of ethnic movements in India.
Answer: One consequence of unequal economic development is the marginalization and underdevelopment of certain groups, leading to feelings of alienation and sometimes initiating ethnic movements as these groups strive for equality and recognition.
GS Related Practices Questions…
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