Relevance: Prelims: Environment and ecology
Use of microorganisms to eliminate or reduce the concentrations of hazardous wastes at a contaminated site
TECHNIQUES – IN SITU
- In situ and ex situ bioremediation techniques.
- In situ Bioremediation means treatment of contaminated soil in the location where it was found. In situ Bioremediation techniques include – Bioventing, Biosparging, Bioaugmentation.
- Bioventing – Supply of air and nutrients through wells to contaminated soil to stimulate the growth of indigenous bacteria.
- Bio-sparging – Injection of air under the ground water table to increase the oxygen concentration and enhance the rate of biological degradation of contaminants by naturally occurring bacteria.
- Bio-augmentation – Microorganisms are imported to the contaminated site to enhance the degradation process.
Bioaugmentation situ techniques includes – Landfarming, Biopiles, Bioreactors, composting.
—Land-farming – Contaminated soil is spread over prepared bed and periodically tilled until pollutants degrade.
—Bio-piles – It is hybrid of land farming and composting. Engineered cells are constructed as aerated composted piles.
- Bio-reactor – It involves the processing of contaminated soil material or water through engineered containment system.
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