{"id":9681,"date":"2020-09-09T23:19:57","date_gmt":"2020-09-09T17:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=9681"},"modified":"2020-09-09T23:19:57","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T17:49:57","slug":"project-dolphin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/project-dolphin\/","title":{"rendered":"Project Dolphin"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Relevance: Prelims: Environment &amp; Biodiversity<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Why in News<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.insightsonindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Save_dolphin.jpg\" alt=\"Project Dolphin - INSIGHTSIAS\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The Prime Minister announced the\u00a0<strong>government\u2019s plan to launch a Project Dolphin<\/strong>\u00a0in his recent Independence Day Speech (15<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0August 2020).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The proposed project is aimed at<strong>\u00a0saving both river and marine dolphins.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/akm-img-a-in.tosshub.com\/indiatoday\/images\/bodyeditor\/202008\/thumbnail_GangeticDolphin_Augu-x1183.jpg?SB.KDRXHLn.j9JJ70OZXNpOBFW4ZEbQ1\" alt=\"PM Modi announces Project Dolphin in I-Day speech: All you need to know -  India News\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Key Highlights<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Project Dolphin will be\u00a0<strong>on the lines of\u00a0Project Tiger,<\/strong>\u00a0which has helped increase the tiger population.<\/li>\n<li>Project\u00a0<strong>got in-principle approval<\/strong>\u00a0in December 2019, at the first meeting of the\u00a0<strong>National Ganga Council\u00a0(NGC)<\/strong>, headed by the Prime Minister.<\/li>\n<li>It is expected to be implemented by the\u00a0<strong>Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc;\">Special Conservation program needs to be taken up for Gangetic Dolphin which is a\u00a0national aquatic animal\u00a0and also\u00a0indicator species\u00a0for the river Ganga spread over several states. As the Gangetic dolphin is at the top of the food chain, protecting the species and its habitat will ensure conservation of aquatic lives of the river.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>So far, the<strong>\u00a0National Mission for Clean Ganga<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>(NMCG)<\/strong>, which implements the government\u2019s flagship scheme\u00a0<strong>Namami Gange,<\/strong>\u00a0has been taking some initiatives for saving dolphins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global Experience:\u00a0<\/strong>The<strong>\u00a0Rhine Action Plan (1987)<\/strong>\u00a0of the\u00a0<strong>International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) \u2014\u00a0<\/strong>representing\u00a0<strong>Switzerland, France, Germany, Luxemburg and the Netherlands \u2014<\/strong>\u00a0helped in conservation of the\u00a0<strong>salmon<\/strong>\u00a0fish (also an indicator species).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iastoppers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Ganga-River-Dolphin-3.jpg\" alt=\"Ganga-River-Dolphin-3 | IASToppers\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Gangetic Dolphin<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scientific Name:<\/strong>\u00a0Platanista gangetica<\/li>\n<li><strong>Features:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>These are generally<strong>\u00a0blind<\/strong>\u00a0and catch their prey in a unique manner. They emit an\u00a0<strong>ultrasonic sound<\/strong>\u00a0which reaches the prey.<\/li>\n<li>These are also called susu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Location:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: #ccffff;\"><strong>It is found\u00a0mainly in the Indian subcontinent,\u00a0particularly in\u00a0Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna\u00a0and\u00a0Karnaphuli-Sangu\u00a0river systems.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"background-color: #ccffff;\"><strong>It is\u00a0also\u00a0found in the\u00a0Ganga\u2019s tributaries.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Threats:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dams<\/strong>\u00a0disturb the migration, breeding cycles and\u00a0<strong>habitat<\/strong>\u00a0of fish and other prey.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pollution.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Excessive silting and sand mining especially in Assam and lower course of the Ganga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Population:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The Gangetic dolphin census<\/strong>\u00a0suggests that the Gangetic dolphin population in India could be about<strong>\u00a02,500-3,000.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>As per Ministry of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change there are about\u00a0<strong>1,272 dolphins in Uttar Pradesh\u00a0<\/strong>and\u00a0<strong>962 in Assam.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Status of Conservation:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>First Schedule of the Indian\u00a0Wildlife (Protection), Act 1972.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Endangered<\/strong>\u00a0by the<strong>\u00a0International Union for the Conservation of Nature\u00a0(IUCN).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Appendix I<\/strong>\u00a0(most endangered) of the<strong>\u00a0Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species\u00a0(CITES).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Appendix II<\/strong>\u00a0(migratory species that need conservation and management or would significantly benefit from international co-operation) of the\u00a0<strong>Convention on Migratory Species\u00a0(CMS).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Conservation Efforts:<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wildlife Protection Act:<\/strong>\u00a0In 1986 after the launch of Ganga Action Plan in 1985, the government included Gangetic dolphins in the\u00a0<strong>First Schedule of the Indian\u00a0Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It means they have the highest degree of protection against hunting.<\/li>\n<li>This was aimed at checking hunting and providing conservation facilities such as wildlife sanctuaries.<\/li>\n<li>For instance,\u00a0<strong>Vikramshila Ganges Dolphin Sanctuary<\/strong>\u00a0was established in Bihar under this Act.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation Plan:<\/strong>\u00a0The Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges River Dolphin 2010-2020, which \u201cidentified threats to Gangetic Dolphins and impact of river traffic, irrigation canals and depletion of prey-base on Dolphins populations\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>National Ganga River Basin Authority<\/strong>\u00a0(replaced by National Ganga Council) in 2009 and constituted a Working Group under the Patna University to prepare a Conservation Action Plan for the Gangetic Dolphin in 2009.<\/li>\n<li><strong>National Aquatic Animal:<\/strong>\u00a0In 2009, during the 1<sup>st<\/sup>\u00a0meeting of the National Ganga River Basin Authority, the Gangetic river dolphin was declared as the national aquatic animal.<\/li>\n<li>The National Mission for Clean Ganga celebrates<strong>\u00a05<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0October as National Ganga River Dolphin Day.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>For more such notes, Articles, News &amp; 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