{"id":9633,"date":"2020-08-27T21:46:52","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T16:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=9633"},"modified":"2020-08-27T21:47:25","modified_gmt":"2020-08-27T16:17:25","slug":"genetically-modified-crops-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetically Modified Crops in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Relevance: Prelims\/Mains: G.S paper III: Agriculture: Genetically Modified Crops<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>WHY IN NEWS?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>FSSAI issues order on 24 items even as it works on regulations for GM foods<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"content-body-22285694-32431864\" class=\"paywall\">\n<p><strong>From January 1, 2021, importers of 24 major food crops will have to mandatorily declare that the products are not genetically-modified and that they also have a non-GM origin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has come out with this order to ensure that only non-GM food crops come into the country.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>ANALYSIS<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering techniques. More than 10% of the world\u2019s croplands are planted with GM crops.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species like resistance to certain pests, diseases, environmental conditions, herbicides etc.<\/p>\n<p>Genetic Modification is also done to increase nutritional value, bioremediation and for other purposes like production of pharmaceutical agents, biofuels etc.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d18x2uyjeekruj.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/https-blog-forumias-com-wp-content-uploads-2018-.jpeg\" alt=\"Genetically Modified Organisms \u2013 Comprehensive Notes \u2013 Civilsdaily\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/#Concerns_regarding_Genetically_Modified_Crops\" title=\"Concerns regarding Genetically Modified Crops\">Concerns regarding Genetically Modified Crops<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/#Arguments_in_favour_of_GM_Crops\" title=\"Arguments in favour of GM Crops:\">Arguments in favour of GM Crops:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/#Arguments_against_GM_crops\" title=\"Arguments against GM crops:\">Arguments against GM crops:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/#Regulatory_Mechanisms_in_India\" title=\"Regulatory Mechanisms in India\">Regulatory Mechanisms in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/#Genetic_Engineering_Appraisal_Committee_GEAC\" title=\"Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)\">Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/genetically-modified-crops-in-india\/#Genetically_Modified_Crops_in_India\" title=\"Genetically Modified Crops in India\">Genetically Modified Crops in India<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns_regarding_Genetically_Modified_Crops\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Concerns regarding Genetically Modified Crops<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Many believe\u00a0that\u00a0<strong>food<\/strong>\u00a0on the market derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food. However, opponents have objected to GM crops on several grounds, including environmental concerns, the safety of GM foods, the business interests behind GM crops, intellectual property laws etc.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.drishtiias.com\/images\/uploads\/256image4.jpg\" alt=\"Unapproved Sowing of Genetically Modified Crops - Drishti IAS\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arguments_in_favour_of_GM_Crops\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Arguments in favour of GM Crops:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The proponents, argue that the GM technologies have been around for about 15 years and they have been in use across the world including in countries such as Brazil and China.\u00a0During a visit to India in March 2005, Norman Borlaug \u2013 widely regarded as the father of the Green Revolution \u2013 supported producing genetically modified (GM) food to eradicate hunger from the world. \u201cIt is better to die eating GM food instead of dying of hunger,\u201d said the Nobel laureate, who passed away in 2009.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Former prime minister, Manmohan Singh, saw biotechnology as key to food security and warned against succumbing to \u201cunscientific prejudices\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe concerns over their (GM crops) perceived risks should be addressed by following internationally accepted procedures for assessing safety parameters. ICAR, which is involved in developing useful products and technologies in this field, must contribute to the public discourse and provide clarity on this sensitive issue,\u201d \u2013 President Pranab Mukerjee.<\/li>\n<li>Indian intelligence agency names anti-GM groups such as Greenpeace India and Gene Campaign as one of the many \u201canti-national\u201d\u00a0foreign-funded NGOs hampering India\u2019s economic progress.<\/li>\n<li>Agriculture scientists from research institutions including IARI, ICAR and various Universities demanding \u201cfield trials\u201d for GM crops, arguing that \u201cconfined field trials are essential for the evaluation of productivity performance as well as food and environmental safety assessment\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>A group of prominent scientists had met under \u2018father of green revolution\u2019 MS Swaminathan at National Academy of Agricultural Sciences ( NASA) and issued a 15-point resolution in favour of GM crops.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cA brinjal crop normally requires up to 30 sprays of insecticides. This goes into the human consumption indirectly. If we grow and consume Bt brinjal, we will consume some of the genes that have been built into the seeds to make the crop pest- and herbicide-resistant. Ultimately, we have to see which of the two is less harmful for consumption\u201d \u2013\u00a0S.S. Gosal, Director of Research, Punjab Agriculture University.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arguments_against_GM_crops\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Arguments against GM crops:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Organisations such as Greenpeace argue that the GM crops don\u2019t yield better results, but push the farmers into debt. They lose their sovereign right over seeds as they are forced to buy GM seeds and technologies from multinational corporations. The increasing incidence of\u00a0suicide by farmers cultivating Bt cotton\u00a0is cited as an example of the perils of GM crops in a country such as India.\u00a0Besides the suspect merits of GM crops, what the opponents also say is that once they are released into the environment, it\u2019s irreversible.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regulatory_Mechanisms_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Regulatory Mechanisms in India<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The top biotech regulator in India is\u00a0Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC). The committee\u00a0functions as a statutory body under the Environment Protection Act 1986 of the Ministry of Environment &amp; Forests (MoEF). It was earlier known as Genetic Engineering Approval Committee.\u00a0Under the EPA 1986 \u201cRules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export and Storage of Hazardous Microorganisms\/Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells 1989\u201d, GEAC is responsible for granting permits to conduct experimental and large-scale open field trials and also grant approval for commercial release of biotech crops.<\/p>\n<p>The Rules of 1989 also define five competent authorities i.e. the Institutional Biosafety Committees (IBSC), Review Committee of Genetic Manipulation (RCGM), Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), State Biotechnology Coordination Committee (SBCC) and District Level Committee (DLC) for handling of various aspects of the rules.<\/p>\n<p>PS: A Biotechnology Regulatory Authority was proposed, but the bill got lapsed due to the dissolution of 15th Loksabha.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Genetic_Engineering_Appraisal_Committee_GEAC\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>The Committee shall function as a Statutory Body under the Ministry of Environment &amp; Forests for approval of activities involving large-scale use of hazardous living microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle as per the provisions of rules 1989.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee shall also be responsible for approval of proposal relating to release of genetically engineered organisms and products into the environment including experimental field trials as per the provisions of Rules, 1989.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee shall be responsible for approval of proposals involving the use of living modified organism falling in the risk category Ill and above in the manufacture\/import of recombinant Pharma products or where the end product of the recombinant Pharma products per se is a living modified organism.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee may co-opt other members\/experts to the GEAC in accordance with the provisions of Section 4, para 3 of the Rules, 1989 as necessary.<\/li>\n<li>The Committee may also appoint subgroups\/sub-committees\/expert committee to undertake specific activities related to compliance of biosafety.<\/li>\n<li>One third members of the GEAC will constitute the quorum for convening the meeting.<\/li>\n<li>The members of the GEAC will be required to sign a \u2018Statement of Declaration of Independence\u2019 and \u2018Statement of Confidentiality\u2019 (as per enclosed proforma).<\/li>\n<li>The Committee shall function for a period of three year from the date of issue of this notification.<\/li>\n<li>With the approval of the Chairman GEAC, if required, representative of other Ministries and other experts may be invited as \u2018Special Invitees\u2019 to participate in the meeting of the GEAC depending on the issues to be discussed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Major companies interested in Genetically Modified crops in India include\u00a0Monsanto India, Mahyco and BASF.\u00a0The industry body \u2014 Association of Biotech Led Enterprises- Agriculture Group (ABLE-AG) wants a progressive push to the march of GM technology in India.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Genetically_Modified_Crops_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Genetically Modified Crops in India<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The country has yet to approve commercial cultivation of a GM food crop. The only genetically modified cash crop under commercial cultivation in India is cotton.<\/p>\n<h3>Bt Cotton<\/h3>\n<p>For the time being, the only genetically modified crop that is under cultivation in India is Bt cotton which is grown over 10.8 million hectares. Bt cotton was first used in India in 2002.<\/p>\n<h3>Bt Brinjal<\/h3>\n<p>The GEAC \u00a0in 2007, recommended the commercial release of Bt Brinjal, which was developed by Mahyco (Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company) in collaboration with the Dharward University of Agricultural sciences and the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. But the initiative was blocked in 2010.<\/p>\n<h3>GM-mustard<\/h3>\n<p>Dhara Mustard Hybrid-11 or\u00a0DMH-11 is a\u00a0genetically modified variety of mustard developed by the Delhi University\u2019s Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants. The researchers at Delhi University have created hybridised mustard DMH-11 using \u201cbarnase \/ barstar\u201d technology for genetic modification. It is Herbicide Tolerant (HT) crop. If approved by the Centre, this will be the second GM crop, after Bt Cotton, and the first transgenic food crop\u00a0to be allowed for cultivation in the country.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>For more such notes, Articles, News &amp; Views Join our Telegram Channel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Telegram Link\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/triumphias\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>https:\/\/t.me\/triumphias<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Click the link below to see the details about the UPSC \u2013Civils courses offered by Triumph IAS.<\/strong> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" title=\"Courses available\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/pages-all-courses.php\">https:\/\/triumphias.com\/pages-all-courses.php<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevance: Prelims\/Mains: G.S paper III: Agriculture: Genetically Modified Crops WHY IN NEWS? FSSAI issues order on 24 items even as<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,42,43,69],"tags":[392],"class_list":["post-9633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","category-general-studies-iii-technology-economic-development-bio-diversity-environment-security-and-disaster-management","category-indian-economy","category-science-and-technology","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9633"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9633\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9635,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9633\/revisions\/9635"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}