{"id":9629,"date":"2020-08-27T20:35:45","date_gmt":"2020-08-27T15:05:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=9629"},"modified":"2023-04-07T12:39:00","modified_gmt":"2023-04-07T07:09:00","slug":"india-nepal-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/india-nepal-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"India-Nepal Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>India-Nepal Relations<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Relevance: Mains: G.S paper II: Polity: International Relations<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>CONTEXT<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Nepal\u2019s government, after going through the serious internal rift and the Chinese assistance regarding the same have tabled a crucial Constitution Amendment bill to formalise the country\u2019s<strong>\u00a0controversial new map<\/strong>\u00a0which claims parts of India as its territory.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Bill is to formalise the country\u2019s new map claiming the Indian territory of Lipulekh, Kalapani and other areas as its territory.<\/li>\n<li>Nepal\u2019s map is a part of its national emblem, hence, there is a requirement for the constitutional amendment.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s contention is that Nepal raised the dispute at the \u201cbehest of an external force\u201d, namely China as with so much integration with India &amp; open borders over the years, raising boundary demarcation issues seem unjustified.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"article-detail\">\n<p>Nepal\u2019s government, after going through the serious internal rift and the Chinese assistance regarding the same have tabled a crucial Constitution Amendment bill to formalise the country\u2019s<strong>\u00a0controversial new map<\/strong>\u00a0which claims parts of India as its territory.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Bill is to formalise the country\u2019s new map claiming the Indian territory of Lipulekh, Kalapani and other areas as its territory.<\/li>\n<li>Nepal\u2019s map is a part of its national emblem, hence, there is a requirement for the constitutional amendment.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s contention is that Nepal raised the dispute at the \u201cbehest of an external force\u201d, namely China as with so much integration with India &amp; open borders over the years, raising boundary demarcation issues seem unjustified.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/n661fv\/article31697690.ece\/ALTERNATES\/LANDSCAPE_1200\/TH29Kali-mapcol\" alt=\"For a reset in India-Nepal relations - The Hindu\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Cause of the Dispute<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The dispute is primarily due to the\u00a0<strong>varying interpretation of the origin of the river Kali<\/strong>\u00a0and its various tributaries that slice through the mountains of Limpiyadhura.<\/li>\n<li>The Kalapani region derives its name from the river Kali.\u00a0<strong>Nepal\u2019s claims to the region is based on this river as it became the marker of the boundary<\/strong>\u00a0of the kingdom of Nepal following the Treaty of Sugauli.<\/li>\n<li>Nepal claims that the land mass, high in the mountains that falls to the east of the entire stretch starting from Limpiyadhura downwards, belongs to them.<\/li>\n<li>India on the other hand says the border begins at Kalapani as this is where the river begins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"border-bg\">\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.insightsonindia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/tri_junction_trouble.jpg\" alt=\"tri_junction_trouble - INSIGHTSIAS\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Treaty of Sugauli<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Treaty of Sagauli,<\/strong>\u00a0(March 4, 1816), was an agreement between the Gurkha chiefs of Nepal and the British Indian government that ended the\u00a0<strong>Anglo-Nepalese (Gurkha) War<\/strong>\u00a0(1814\u201316).<\/li>\n<li>By the treaty, Nepal renounced all claim to the disputed Tarai, or lowland country, and ceded its conquests west of the Kali river and extending to the Sutlej river.<\/li>\n<li>Nepal remained independent, but it received a British resident with the status of an ambassador to an independent country rather than of the controlling agent of the supreme government in an Indian state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Significance of Nepal For India<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Nepal shares borders with 5 Indian states- Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Sikkim and Bihar. Hence, is an\u00a0<strong>important point of cultural and economic exchange.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Nepal is right in the middle of India\u2019s \u2018Himalayan frontiers\u2019, and along with Bhutan it acts as northern \u2018borderland\u2019 flanks and\u00a0<strong>acts as a buffer<\/strong>\u00a0against any possible aggression from China.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rivers originating in Nepal feed the perennial river systems of India<\/strong>\u00a0in terms of ecology and hydropower potential.<\/li>\n<li>Many Hindu and Buddhist religious sites are in Nepal making it\u00a0<strong>an important pilgrimage site<\/strong>\u00a0for a large number of Indians<\/li>\n<li>The India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950 forms the bedrock of the special relations that exist between India and Nepal.<\/li>\n<li>The two countries not only share an open border and unhindered movement of people, but they also have close bonds through marriages and familial ties, popularly known as\u00a0<strong>Roti-Beti ka Rishta.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"border-bg\">\n<p><strong>Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The treaty talks about reciprocal treatment of Indian and Nepali citizens in the two countries, in residence, property, business and movement.<\/li>\n<li>It also establishes national treatment for both Indian and Nepalese businesses (ie once imported, foreign goods would be treated no differently than domestic goods).<\/li>\n<li>It also gives Nepal access to weaponry from India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">China\u2019s Intervention<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>As a landlocked nation, Nepal depended for many years on Indian imports, and India played an active role in Nepal&#8217;s affairs.\n<ul>\n<li>However, in recent years Nepal has drifted away from India&#8217;s influence, and China has gradually filled the space with investments, aid and loans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>China considers Nepal a key partner in its\u00a0<strong>Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)<\/strong>, and wants to invest in Nepal&#8217;s infrastructure as part of its grand plans to boost global trade.<\/li>\n<li>Rising Nepal and China cooperation can undermine Nepal\u2019s distinction of buffer state between India and China.<\/li>\n<li>China on the other hand wants to avoid the formation of any Anti-China stance by the Tibetans living in Nepal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Way Forward<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India should negotiate diplomatically to resolve the boundary dispute with Nepal under the aegis of\u00a0<strong>International law on Trans-boundary Water Disputes.<\/strong>\u00a0In this case,\u00a0<strong>boundary dispute resolution between India and Bangladesh<\/strong>\u00a0should serve as a model for this.<\/li>\n<li>India needs to take steps inthe right direction, to resolve the border issues before the constitution gets amended.<\/li>\n<li>India should engage more proactively with Nepal in terms of people to people engagement, bureaucratic engagement as well as political interactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>For more such notes, Articles, News &amp; Views Join our Telegram Channel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Telegram Link\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/triumphias\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>https:\/\/t.me\/triumphias<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Click the link below to see the details about the UPSC \u2013Civils courses offered by Triumph IAS.<\/strong> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" title=\"Courses available\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/pages-all-courses.php\">https:\/\/triumphias.com\/pages-all-courses.php<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India-Nepal Relations Relevance: Mains: G.S paper II: Polity: International Relations CONTEXT Nepal\u2019s government, after going through the serious internal rift<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,18],"tags":[2314,2315,174,2309,1696,2316,2310,2311,2307,2308,2317,2313,2312,392,2068],"class_list":["post-9629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","category-general-studies-ii","tag-belt-and-road-initiative","tag-bri","tag-china","tag-constitution-amendment-bill","tag-india","tag-international-law","tag-kalapani","tag-lipulekh","tag-nepal","tag-relations","tag-trans-boundary-water-disputes","tag-treaty-of-peace-and-friendship-of-1950","tag-treaty-of-sugauli","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc","tag-way-forward"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9629"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13669,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9629\/revisions\/13669"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}