{"id":8857,"date":"2020-07-06T13:36:35","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T08:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=8857"},"modified":"2023-04-13T11:01:13","modified_gmt":"2023-04-13T05:31:13","slug":"landforms-and-cycle-of-erosion-fluvial-landforms-and-cycle-of-erosion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/landforms-and-cycle-of-erosion-fluvial-landforms-and-cycle-of-erosion\/","title":{"rendered":"Landforms and Cycle of Erosion: Fluvial Landforms and Cycle of Erosion"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Landforms and Cycle of Erosion: Fluvial Landforms and Cycle of Erosion<\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; background-color: #ffff00;\"><strong>Relevance: Prelims\/Mains: G.S paper I: Physical Geography<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/evolutionoflandform-161026081305\/95\/evolution-of-landform-2-638.jpg?cb=1477469687\" alt=\"Evolution of landform\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Fluvial Landforms and Cycle of Erosion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/fluvialcycle-171203135244\/95\/fluvial-cycle-6-638.jpg?cb=1512309188\" alt=\"Fluvial cycle\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The landforms created as a result of\u00a0<strong>degradational action (erosion)<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>aggradational work (deposition)<\/strong>\u00a0of running water are called fluvial landforms.<\/li>\n<li>The fluvial processes may be divided into three physical phases \u2013 erosion, transportation and deposition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>The depositional action of a stream is influenced by stream velocity and the volume of river load.<\/li>\n<li>The decrease in stream velocity reduces the transporting power of the streams which are forced to leave some load to settle down.<\/li>\n<li>Increase in river load is effected through accelerated rate of erosion in the source catchment areas consequent upon deforestation.<\/li>\n<li>Various landforms resulting from fluvial deposition are as follows:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/subjects\/geology\/images\/3Zones_Fluvial_1204-2018_tte-01.jpg\" alt=\"River Systems and Fluvial Landforms - Geology (U.S. National Park ...\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Alluvial Fans and Cones<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/erosionalanddepositionallandforms-140905005907-phpapp01\/95\/erosional-and-depositional-landforms-11-638.jpg?cb=1409878979\" alt=\"Erosional and depositional landforms\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When a stream leaves the mountains and comes down to the plains, its velocity decreases due to a lower gradient.<\/li>\n<li>As a result, it sheds a lot of material, which it had been carrying from the mountains, at the foothills.<\/li>\n<li>This deposited material acquires a conical shape and appears as a series of continuous fans. These are called alluvial fans.<\/li>\n<li>Such fans appear throughout the\u00a0<strong>Himalayan foothills<\/strong>\u00a0in the north Indian plains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Natural Levees<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.docsity.com\/documents_pages\/2012\/11\/14\/c18fc57ef5e4e4c4aa4561e418124820.png\" alt=\"Formation of Natural Levees - Dynamic Earth - Lecture Slides - Docsity\" \/><\/p>\n<p>These are narrow ridges of low height on both sides of a river, formed due to deposition action of the stream, appearing as natural embankments.<\/p>\n<p>These act as a natural protection against floods but a breach in a levee causes sudden floods in adjoining areas, as it happens in the case of the Hwang Ho river of China.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Delta<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/JPXENFyBHxnnONAzDRgTiikUuQOMBKCeyvVFO5Sds2TXmV8u7zc3Q-PN4nMhkBtzu-5Tm20rwzGj-_vzb8BUf9k5vNpMAhPrnN18zcJLAy4ZR1HeXQ7QYeccftnI9s2jjr4wtTFm5jEOWXN9jVlkGRp5DolnJqIa2Ik\" alt=\"AS Landforms\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A delta is a tract of alluvium at the mouth of a river where it deposits more material than can be carried away.<\/li>\n<li>The river gets divided into distributaries which may further divide and rejoin to form a network of channels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>A delta is formed by a combination of two processes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>load-bearing capacity of a river is reduced as a result of the check to its speed as it enters a sea or lake, and<\/li>\n<li>clay particles carried in suspension in the river\u00a0<strong>coagulate<\/strong>in the presence of salt water and are deposited.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The finest particles are carried farthest to accumulate as bottom-set beds.<\/li>\n<li>Depending on the conditions under which they are formed, deltas can be of many types.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Arcuate or Fan-shaped<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/deltaspresentation-150903201236-lva1-app6891\/95\/deltas-types-formation-case-studies-7-638.jpg?cb=1441311194\" alt=\"Deltas- types, formation, case studies\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This type of delta results when light depositions give rise to shallow, shifting distributaries and a general fan-shaped profile. Examples: Nile, Ganga, Indus.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Bird\u2019s Foot Delta<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image1.slideserve.com\/2358661\/bird-foot-delta-l.jpg\" alt=\"PPT - Deltas PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2358661\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This type of delta emerges when limestone sediment deposits do not allow downward seepage of water.<\/li>\n<li>The distributaries seem to be flowing over projections of these deposits which appear as a bird\u2019s foot.<\/li>\n<li>The currents and tides are weak in such areas and the number of distributaries lesser as compared to an arcuate delta. Example:\u00a0<strong>Mississippi river.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Estuaries<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slideserve.com\/237641\/estuaries-n.jpg\" alt=\"PPT - Survival in an Estuary PowerPoint Presentation, free ...\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sometimes the mouth of the river appears to be submerged. This may be due to a drowned valley because of a rise in sea level.<\/p>\n<p>Here fresh water and the saline water get mixed. When the river starts \u2018filling its mouth\u2019 with sediments, mud bars, marshes and plains seem to be developing in it.<\/p>\n<p>These are ideal sites for fisheries, ports and industries because estuaries provide access to deep water, especially if protected from currents and tides. Example: Hudson estuary.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Cuspate Delta<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/deltaspresentation-150903201236-lva1-app6891\/95\/deltas-types-formation-case-studies-8-638.jpg?cb=1441311194\" alt=\"Deltas- types, formation, case studies\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This is a pointed delta formed generally along strong coasts and is subjected to strong wave action. There are very few or no distributaries in a cuspate delta.<\/li>\n<li>Example: Tiber river on west coast of Italy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>For more such notes, Articles, News &amp; Views Join our Telegram Channel.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Telegram Link\" href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/triumphias\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>https:\/\/t.me\/triumphias<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Click the link below to see the details about the UPSC \u2013Civils courses offered by Triumph IAS.<\/strong> <\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" title=\"Courses available\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/pages-all-courses.php\">https:\/\/triumphias.com\/pages-all-courses.php<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Landforms and Cycle of Erosion: Fluvial Landforms and Cycle of Erosion Relevance: Prelims\/Mains: G.S paper I: Physical Geography Fluvial Landforms<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3514,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,15],"tags":[4685,4689,4679,4687,4688,4684,4686,4608,1391,392,2747],"class_list":["post-8857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-studies-i","category-geography","tag-alluvial-fans","tag-cuspate-delta","tag-cycle-of-erosion","tag-deltas","tag-estuaries","tag-fluvial-landforms","tag-natural-levees","tag-physical-geography","tag-triumph-ias","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc","tag-upsc-civil-services"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8857"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14051,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8857\/revisions\/14051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}