{"id":7132,"date":"2020-03-14T16:58:31","date_gmt":"2020-03-14T11:28:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=7132"},"modified":"2020-03-14T16:58:31","modified_gmt":"2020-03-14T11:28:31","slug":"delirium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/delirium\/","title":{"rendered":"DELIRIUM"},"content":{"rendered":"

Relevance: Prelims: Polity: Governance: Health & General Science<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Why in news?<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

According to a study published in the journal, American Journal of Critical Care, Music may decrease delirium.<\/p>\n

About<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Delirium, also known as acute confusional state, is an organically caused decline from a previous baseline mental functioning that develops over a short period of time, typically hours to days.<\/p>\n

Delirium is a syndrome encompassing disturbances in attention, consciousness, and cognition. It may also involve other neurological deficits, such as psychomotor disturbances (e.g. hyperactive, hypoactive, or mixed), impaired sleep-wake cycle, emotional disturbances, and perceptual disturbances (e.g. hallucinations and delusions), although these features are not required for diagnosis.<\/p>\n

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Causes<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Delirium is caused by an acute organic process, which is a physically identifiable structural, functional, or chemical problem in the brain that may arise from a disease process outside the brain that nonetheless affects the brain.<\/p>\n

It may result from an underlying disease process (e.g. infection, hypoxia), side effect of a medication, withdrawal from drugs, over-consumption of alcohol, or from any number of factors affecting one’s overall health (e.g. malnutrition, pain, etc.).<\/p>\n

In contrast, fluctuations in mental status\/function due to changes in primarily psychiatric processes or diseases (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) do not, by definition, meet the criteria for ‘delirium.’<\/p>\n

Delirium may be difficult to diagnose without the proper establishment of a person’s usual mental function. Without careful assessment and history, delirium can easily be confused with a number of psychiatric disorders or chronic organic brain syndromes because of many overlapping signs and symptoms in common with dementia, depression, psychosis, etc.<\/p>\n

Delirium may manifest from a baseline of existing mental illness, baseline intellectual disability, or dementia, without being due to any of these problems.<\/p>\n

Treatment<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Treatment of delirium requires treating the underlying cause and multi-faceted interventions are thought to be most effective.<\/p>\n

In some cases, temporary or symptomatic treatments are used to comfort the person or to facilitate other care (e.g. preventing people from pulling out a breathing tube). Antipsychotics are not supported for the treatment or prevention of delirium among those who are in hospital.<\/p>\n

When delirium is caused by alcohol or sedative hypnotic withdrawal, benzodiazepines are typically used.<\/p>\n

Delirium affects 14\u201324% of all hospitalized individuals. The overall prevalence for the general population is 1\u20132% but this increases with age, reaching 14% of adults over age 85.<\/p>\n

Among older adults, delirium occurs in 15\u201353% of those post-surgery, 70\u201387% of those in the ICU, up to 60% of those in nursing homes or post-acute care settings.<\/p>\n

Among those requiring critical care, delirium is a risk for death within the next year.<\/p>\n

\"Image<\/p>\n

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