{"id":6014,"date":"2020-01-30T18:44:25","date_gmt":"2020-01-30T13:14:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=6014"},"modified":"2020-01-30T18:44:25","modified_gmt":"2020-01-30T13:14:25","slug":"liberation-of-auschwitz-75th-anniversary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/liberation-of-auschwitz-75th-anniversary\/","title":{"rendered":"Liberation of Auschwitz: 75th anniversary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Relevance: Mains: G.S paper I: World History<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/LIBERATION-OF-AUSCHWITZ-by-RED-ARMY.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-6015\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/LIBERATION-OF-AUSCHWITZ-by-RED-ARMY-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"810\" height=\"456\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> On January 27, 2020, survivors of the Holocaust and international heads of state marked the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>The Auschwitz concentration camp <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>(Konzentrationslager Auschwitz)<\/strong><\/span> was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II and the Holocaust.<\/p>\n<p>It consisted of Auschwitz I, the main camp (Stammlager) in O\u015bwi\u0119cim; Auschwitz II\u2013Birkenau, a concentration and extermination camp built with several gas chambers; Auschwitz III\u2013Monowitz, a labor camp created to staff a factory for the chemical conglomerate IG Farben; and dozens of subcamps.<\/p>\n<p>The camps became a major site of the Nazis&#8217; Final Solution to the Jewish Question.<\/p>\n<p>After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, sparking World War II, the Schutzstaffel (SS) converted Auschwitz I, an army barracks, into a prisoner-of-war camp for Polish political prisoners.<\/p>\n<p>The first inmates, German criminals brought to the camp in May 1940 as functionaries, established the camp&#8217;s reputation for sadism.<\/p>\n<p>Prisoners were beaten, tortured, and executed for the most trivial reasons. The first gassings\u2014of Soviet and Polish prisoners\u2014took place in block 11 of Auschwitz I around August 1941.<\/p>\n<p>Construction of Auschwitz II began the following month, and from 1942 until late 1944 freight trains delivered Jews from all over German-occupied Europe to its gas chambers.<\/p>\n<p>Of the 1.3 million people sent to Auschwitz, 1.1 million died. The death toll includes 960,000 Jews (865,000 of whom were gassed on arrival), 74,000 non-Jewish Poles, 21,000 Roma, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, and up to 15,000 other Europeans.<\/p>\n<p>Those not gassed died of starvation, exhaustion, disease, individual executions, or beatings. Others were killed during medical experiments.<\/p>\n<p>At least 802 prisoners tried to escape, 144 successfully, and on 7 October 1944 two Sonderkommando units, consisting of prisoners who staffed the gas chambers, launched an unsuccessful uprising.<\/p>\n<p>Only 789 staff (no more than 15 percent) ever stood trial; several, including camp commandant Rudolf H\u00f6ss, were executed. The Allies&#8217; failure to act on early reports of atrocities in the camp by bombing it or its railways remains controversial.<\/p>\n<p>As the Soviet Red Army approached Auschwitz in January 1945, toward the end of the war, the SS sent most of the camp&#8217;s population west on a death march to camps inside Germany and Austria.<\/p>\n<p>Soviet troops entered the camp on 27 January 1945, a day commemorated since 2005 as International Holocaust Remembrance Day.<\/p>\n<p>In the decades after the war, survivors such as Primo Levi, Viktor Frankl, and Elie Wiesel wrote memoirs of their experiences, and the camp became a dominant symbol of the Holocaust.<\/p>\n<p>In 1947 Poland founded the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, and in 1979 it was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevance: Mains: G.S paper I: World History Why in news? On January 27, 2020, survivors of the Holocaust and international<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[392],"class_list":["post-6014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-studies-i","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6014"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6016,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6014\/revisions\/6016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}