Relevance: Mains: G.S paper I: Society: Urban planning<\/b><\/p>\n
Introduction<\/strong><\/p>\n Wrong Assumptions:<\/strong><\/p>\n How Mobility Transforms Places?<\/strong><\/p>\n Need for Vision for Supporting Migrants in Urban Policy: Short-term Housing:<\/strong><\/p>\n Way Forward:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Relevance: Mains: G.S paper I: Society: Urban planning Introduction Mobility is increasingly circular, semi or non-permanent. Although a bulk of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,13],"tags":[392],"class_list":["post-5369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-studies-i","category-society-and-social-issues","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5369"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5370,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5369\/revisions\/5370"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\n\u2022 This dynamic situation of mobility is at variance with public policies in cities that are being transformed by the presence of and contribution of these migrants.
\n\u2022 This gap in public policy compels migrants to find solutions outside the formal system. Such patterns generate a vicious cycle in which both cities and migrants get trapped.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 Most urban policies, initiated at the central or state level, seemed to have overlooked the emerging forms of mobility that is largely circular and temporary.
\n\u2022 This has led to wrong assumptions that city dwellers are sedentary and linkages of citizenship to long-term residence do not fit this emergent form of migration.
\nChanging Scale and Forms of Mobility in India:
\n\u2022 Economic Survey of India (2016-17) places the estimation of interstate migration at 60 million and inter-district migration at 80 million.
\n\u2022 However, it is important to recognize that there are clear indications that mobility in India is
\nsignificantly increasing and that the forms of this mobility are varied and do not correspond to a permanent move.
\n\u2022 Two forms which are particularly significant are: a) commuting and b) circular migration. Both these forms of mobility have implications for the way in which cities are shaped.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 Temporary forms of migrants are people who contribute to the city economy while they are there but their efforts are directed at places which they come from i.e. the source areas. This is where they contribute in terms of remittances, investments, asset building, and state revenues.
\n\u2022 On the other hand, they contribute significantly to the economic flows and outputs, extract less resources from the city, and bring in new ideas and ways of doing things.
\n\u2022 While work and economic reasons may be the largest drivers for such migration, education and health resource seeking may also be supplementary reasons for the same. These create specific demands on city infrastructures and services.
\n\u2022 A neglect of these needs pushes people into creating their own makeshift solutions. A road junction is then converted into an \u2018adda\u2019 with tea-food stalls, rest places, footpaths, and roads are subsequently taken over as assembly places.
\n\u2022 On the other hand, a proactive approach to migration can lead to significant benefits for the city economy and city vibrancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 Needs for stays longer than hotel stays and lesser than rental housing are the most neglected.
\nHousing markets have begun to recognize this need and cater to it through serviced apartments.
\n\u2022 However, there is a complete absence of options when it comes to the low-income end. In older days, cities had dharamshalas. Contemporary Indian cities lack such options.
\n\u2022 The other significant barrier to creating short-term housing solutions lies in the current imagination of housing. Contemporary housing policies rest upon two broad principles \u2013 the first is ownership-based housing and other is use of land as resource.
\n\u2022 The first principle helps in creation of Citizenship, which in turn secures sustained commitment and investment in a place. Similarly second principle help to monitise land.
\n\u2022 However, a negative impact of both these policy instruments is that they limit the possibilities of short-term housing and undermine the needs for space for shelter in cities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\nhomegenising view of these issues.
\n\u2022 It is therefore essential to move away from the current State Govt.-based policy onus and equip local governments in terms of capacity to cognize such issues, collect data, and to possess the powers and resources to respond to dynamic phenomena such as migration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n