{"id":5343,"date":"2020-01-02T15:14:29","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T09:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=5343"},"modified":"2020-01-02T15:14:29","modified_gmt":"2020-01-02T09:44:29","slug":"slums-in-india-facts-and-misconceptions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/slums-in-india-facts-and-misconceptions\/","title":{"rendered":"Slums in India \u2013 Facts and Misconceptions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Relevance: Mains: G.S paper I: Society<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>FACT \u2013 Official lists under identify slums and undercount slum populations<br \/>\n\u2022 Census 2001 first included slums but only in a small number of cities. Census 2011 was the first to look at this category of settlements in all urban centres.<br \/>\n\u2022 The definition of slums and enumeration methodologies differ among official agencies, but commonly they underestimate the slum population.<\/li>\n<li>FACT- Slums in each city have a variety of living conditions that fall along the continuum. People\u2019s need vary at different points of the continuum. Standardised slum policies are, therefore, not helpful.<br \/>\n\u2022 The UN- Habitat employs five criteria to identify slums; each related to a living condition that households in slums usually lack: durable housing of a permanent nature; sufficient living space; easy access to safe water; access to adequate sanitation; and security of tenure.<br \/>\n\u2022 Residents of slums at different points have diverse needs and require different kinds of public support.<\/li>\n<li>FACT- Traditional survey methods are inadequate to keep up with rapid changes. Satellite image<br \/>\nanalysis helps generate slum maps and sort slums into types.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MISCONCEPTION<\/strong>: Official notification is required for getting basic services and saleable property titles.<br \/>\n\u2022 The Law lays down that slum residents can only avail themselves of municipal services and property titles after their slum has been officially notifies following a prescribed procedure.<br \/>\n\u2022 In theory, a city should provide municipal services such as garbage pickup, piped drinking water, sewerage, internal roads, and street lighting- only after a slum has been notified.<br \/>\n\u2022 Public expenditures cannot be justifiably incurred for places that do not exist in the official record.<br \/>\n\u2022 In Practice, many non-notified slums are provided with services and infrastructure, while many notified slums are left uncovered. The scope of corrupt practices gets accelerated by such administrative indiscretions.<\/li>\n<li>MISCONCEPTION: Lacking property titles, slum residents cannot sell or mortgage properties.<br \/>\n\u2022 In practice, slum properties with all types of papers are freely transacted. An active informal market exists that produces official-looking documents.<br \/>\n\u2022 It helps buyers and sellers transact informal properties, overcoming the limitations of their property papers. No taxes are paid on these transactions, leading to a loss of potential municipal revenue.<\/li>\n<li>MISCONCEPTION: Slums are temporary halting points that work as conveyor belts leading rural migrants into urban middle class.<br \/>\n\u2022 Lack of movement more accurately characterises slum conditions. Overall, a situation of<br \/>\nstasis- stuck-in-placidness- is characteristic of slums, whether examined at the household or at the neighbourhood level.<br \/>\n\u2022 Improving their prospects for upward mobility requires progressively reducing the risk and<br \/>\nvulnerability that are induced by living and work in informal conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevance: Mains: G.S paper I: Society FACT \u2013 Official lists under identify slums and undercount slum populations \u2022 Census 2001<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3683,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,13],"tags":[392],"class_list":["post-5343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-studies-i","category-society-and-social-issues","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5343"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5344,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5343\/revisions\/5344"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}