Relevance: Mains: G.S paper III: Environment<\/b><\/p>\n
Context:<\/strong><\/p>\n Policy problem:<\/strong><\/p>\n Divergent resource use:<\/strong><\/p>\n Convergence and stabilization:<\/strong><\/p>\n Unprecedented prosperity:<\/strong><\/p>\n Different views of prosperity:<\/strong><\/p>\n Conclusion:<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Relevance: Mains: G.S paper III: Environment Context: The annual Climate Summit, with increasing levels of concentration of greenhouse gases, raises<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,42],"tags":[392],"class_list":["post-5127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","category-general-studies-iii-technology-economic-development-bio-diversity-environment-security-and-disaster-management","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5127"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5128,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5127\/revisions\/5128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
\n\u2022 The world\u2019s major emitter has rejected multilateralism, premised on burden sharing.
\n\u2022 The European Union\u2019s ambition of \u2018net\u2019 zero emissions by 2050 obfuscates needed societal change by ignoring the embedded carbon in imports \u2014 a third of their emissions of carbon dioxide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 The policy problem is that the Climate Treaty considers symptoms (emissions of greenhouse gases), rather than the causes (use of natural resources).
\n\u2022 India, which is responsible for just 3% of cumulative emissions, is the most carbon efficient and sustainable major economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 Asia with half the world\u2019s population is responsible for less than half of material use, and living in harmony with nature.<\/li>\n
\n\u2022 From agriculture to industry;
\n\u2022 Rural to urban; and,
\n\u2022 Livelihood to well-being.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 Infrastructure of the second, and
\n\u2022 The societal notions of progress of the third.
\n\u2022 Only the first two global trends show limited convergence and stabilisation. The third diverges sharply between material abundance in the West and societal well-being in India and China.
\n\u2022 Consumption patterns of primary material use for the provision of major services are driven by diverse values that include both global trends transforming human societies.
\n\u2022 At the national-level, resource use is primarily construction material and energy use in buildings, mobility and manufacturing as well as food, which together lead to human well-being.
\n\u2022 More than half of natural resource use and global emissions occurred after 1950, driven by the gradual shift of three-quarters of the global population to cities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 China\u2019s acceleration of natural resource use from 2000, also driven by urbanisation, is characterised as \u201cunprecedented growth\u201d.
\n\u2022 Different values and the objective of increasing well-being, rather than wealth, led to China, in 2016, having the same per-capita emissions of carbon dioxide as the West had in 1885.
\n\u2022 The shares of material use of the different activities in cities in China have remained constant since 1995 as increase in wealth does not modify the structural, economic and social changes, energy and material uses in civilisational states.
\n\u2022 The contribution of the United States to resource use, or cumulative emissions of carbon dioxide, peaked at 40% in 1950, with rapid infrastructure development in Europe, declined to 26% and is likely to remain at this level, reflecting its direction and intensity.
\n\u2022 By 2015, global population had doubled when emissions in China began to stabilise and accounted for 12% of total cumulative emissions. Asia and Africa will peak at per-capita levels that are a third of those of the West.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 In China, electricity consumption per-capita is a third of the European Union (EU) and a sixth of the U.S. Residential energy consumption has increased at a rate less than half the increase in GDP, and corresponds to the increase in urban population, showing limited increase with more disposable household income.
\n\u2022 China also has less than a sixth of the number of cars with respect to population than the EU, while the U.S. has nearly two times that number.
\n\u2022 In China, nearly 40% of the distance travelled is by public transport, which is two times that of the EU.
\n\u2022 While the number of cars in China is projected to double by 2040, half the new cars are expected to be electric vehicles.
\n\u2022 China has the world\u2019s most extensive electric high-speed rail system. In Beijing, three-quarters of public transport buses are already electric.
\n\u2022 Asian household savings as a percent of GDP are two times that of the U.S.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n\u2022 The low carbon social development model adopted by India and China will become the world system, ensuring global sustainability.
\n\u2022 The pattern of natural resource use adopted by western civilisation will more clearly be seen as a short-term anomaly rather than collective transformation or unified evolution of civilisation.
\n\u2022 Alternative strategies led by India and China should replace the ineffective Climate Treaty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n