{"id":4097,"date":"2019-08-20T11:08:45","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T05:38:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=4097"},"modified":"2019-08-20T11:08:45","modified_gmt":"2019-08-20T05:38:45","slug":"a-new-anti-tuberculosis-drug","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/a-new-anti-tuberculosis-drug\/","title":{"rendered":"A New anti-tuberculosis drug"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Relevance: mains: G.S paper II: Health <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The anti-tuberculosis drug pretomanid was recently approved by the US FDA. It will be a game-changer for treating people with extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) and those not tolerating multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) drugs available at present.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>TB scenario in worldwide<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>According to WHO, in 2017, there were an estimated 4.5 lakh people across the world with MDR-TB, of which India accounted for 24%, and about 37,500 with XDR-TB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Background of the new drug<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pretomanid is only the third drug in the last 40 years to get FDA approval.<\/li>\n<li>It is an all-oral, three-drug regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL).<\/li>\n<li>It had a 90% cure rate in a phase III trial in South Africa; against the current treatment success rate for XDR-TB and MDR-TB at 34% and 55%, respectively.<\/li>\n<li>It was found to be safe and effective in curing TB in people living with HIV.<\/li>\n<li>Unlike 18-24 months needed to treat highly-resistant TB using nearly 20 drugs, the BPaL regimen took just six months.<\/li>\n<li>It was better tolerated and more potent in clearing the bacteria. The shorter duration is more likely to increase adherence to therapy and improve treatment outcomes.<\/li>\n<li>The number of those who would need a pretomanid-based regimen is increasing due to rising drug resistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There are only a low percentage of MDR-TB cases being treated and the actual number of people who do not tolerate or respond to available MDR-TB drugs is unknown.<\/li>\n<li>It remains to be seen if it would be made affordable, in the developing countries where the burden of XDR-TB and MDR-TB is the highest. Bdaquiline\u2019s prohibitive cost has severely restricted access in developing countries.<\/li>\n<li>TB Alliance, a New York-based international NGO, which developed and tested the drug, has signed an exclusive licensing agreement with a generic-drug manufacturer for high-income markets.<\/li>\n<li>The drug will be licensed to multiple manufacturers in about 140 low- and middle-income countries, including India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>After all, there is a compulsion to keep the prices low and increase treatment uptake to stop the spread of highly drug-resistant TB bacteria.<br \/>\n\u2022 Studies have shown an increase in the number of new patients who are directly infected with drug-resistant bacteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevance: mains: G.S paper II: Health Context The anti-tuberculosis drug pretomanid was recently approved by the US FDA. It will<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[392],"class_list":["post-4097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-studies-ii","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4097"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4098,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4097\/revisions\/4098"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}