{"id":34877,"date":"2026-05-13T11:59:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T06:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=34877"},"modified":"2026-05-13T12:22:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T06:52:18","slug":"communalism-and-the-crisis-of-secularism-current-society","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/communalism-and-the-crisis-of-secularism-current-society\/","title":{"rendered":"Communalism and the Crisis of Secularism current society"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Relevant for <strong data-start=\"110\" data-end=\"182\">Sociology Optional Paper 1, Paper 2, and GS Paper I (Indian Society)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/communalism-and-the-crisis-of-secularism-current-society\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/communalism-and-the-crisis-of-secularism-current-society\/#UPSC_Civil_Services_Mains_Question\" title=\"UPSC Civil Services (Mains) Question\">UPSC Civil Services (Mains) Question<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/communalism-and-the-crisis-of-secularism-current-society\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\" data-section-id=\"h0j3ck\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"58\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\" role=\"text\"><strong data-start=\"3\" data-end=\"58\">Introduction<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:cb98483f-fc00-4898-aad6-ade6ba669a04-8\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:cb98483f-fc00-4898-aad6-ade6ba669a04-8\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-2\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"b7fa6490-54c6-47fd-ba01-a4911e35a043\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"streaming-animation markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:17f63ee1-e2e3-4122-a375-6d9b188efa19-11\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<div class=\"relative w-full overflow-visible\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-[calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:17f63ee1-e2e3-4122-a375-6d9b188efa19-11\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-WEB:17f63ee1-e2e3-4122-a375-6d9b188efa19-11\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-14\" data-scroll-anchor=\"false\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"8036fd29-abb8-4d89-b5c8-46caf3d7f706\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"751\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Communalism has emerged as one of the most significant challenges confronting modern democratic societies, particularly in multicultural nations like <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">India<\/span><\/span>.<\/strong> It refers to the political mobilization of religious identities in ways that create social divisions, mistrust, and conflict among communities. While religion itself can foster moral values and social solidarity, communalism transforms religious identity into a tool of political competition and social polarization. In contemporary society, the rise of communal tensions has generated a serious crisis of secularism, threatening democratic values, constitutional morality, and social cohesion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"1367\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>From a sociological perspective, communalism is not merely a religious phenomenon; it is deeply linked with power, politics, class interests, and identity construction.<\/strong> Sociologists argue that communalism is socially produced and politically sustained. <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Karl Marx<\/span><\/span> viewed religion as an instrument that could be used by dominant groups to maintain control over society. Similarly, <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Emile Durkheim<\/span><\/span> emphasized religion\u2019s role in creating collective consciousness, but in fragmented societies, religious identities may become sources of conflict rather than solidarity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1369\" data-end=\"1883\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>The colonial experience in India significantly contributed to the growth of communal consciousness.<\/strong> The British policy of \u201cdivide and rule,\u201d separate electorates, and census-based categorization institutionalized religious identities. Sociologists such as <span class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"><span class=\"whitespace-normal\">Benedict Anderson<\/span><\/span> explain that communities are often \u201cimagined,\u201d constructed through political narratives and shared symbols. In post-colonial societies, these identities continue to be manipulated by political actors for electoral gains.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"2482\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>The crisis of secularism becomes visible when the state fails to maintain neutrality among religions.<\/strong> Indian secularism differs from Western secularism because it does not imply complete separation between religion and state; rather, it emphasizes equal respect for all religions. However, increasing communal polarization, hate speech, mob violence, and religious majoritarianism have weakened this ideal. The politicization of religion during elections, controversies surrounding places of worship, and social media-driven communal propaganda demonstrate how secular principles are under strain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"2484\" data-end=\"3024\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Globalization and digital media have further intensified communal tensions.<\/strong> Social media platforms rapidly circulate misinformation, stereotypes, and hate narratives, often amplifying communal sentiments. Sociologists studying media and society argue that digital spaces have become arenas for identity politics and symbolic violence. Online echo chambers reinforce prejudice and deepen social fragmentation. Contemporary communalism therefore operates not only through physical mobilization but also through virtual networks of propaganda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3499\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Communalism also intersects with caste, class, and regional inequalities.<\/strong> Marginalized groups are often mobilized in communal conflicts despite sharing common economic hardships with members of other religious communities. This reflects the sociological insight that identity politics can overshadow class solidarity. Communal violence frequently leads to segregation, economic insecurity, and social exclusion, particularly affecting minorities, women, and the urban poor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"3501\" data-end=\"4019\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>At the same time, secularism faces criticism from multiple directions.<\/strong> Some argue that state intervention in religious matters undermines neutrality, while others believe that selective secularism creates perceptions of appeasement. Sociologists emphasize that secularism cannot survive merely as a constitutional principle; it requires social acceptance, democratic culture, and active civic engagement. Education, interfaith dialogue, and inclusive public institutions are essential for strengthening secular values.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"4021\" data-end=\"4425\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Civil society movements, constitutional institutions, and youth participation continue to play an important role in resisting communal polarization.<\/strong> The ideals of pluralism, tolerance, and social justice remain crucial for preserving democratic society. Sociologically, secularism is not the absence of religion but the coexistence of diverse identities within a framework of equality and mutual respect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"4427\" data-end=\"4935\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>In conclusion, communalism represents a serious challenge to the secular and democratic foundations of contemporary society.<\/strong> The crisis of secularism reflects deeper tensions related to identity, power, inequality, and political mobilization. Sociology helps us understand that communal conflicts are socially constructed rather than inevitable. Strengthening secularism therefore requires not only constitutional safeguards but also social transformation based on dialogue, inclusion, and democratic ethics.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Civil_Services_Mains_Question\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 1.125rem;\">UPSC Civil Services (Mains) Question<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-start=\"5210\" data-end=\"5419\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong data-start=\"5082\" data-end=\"5088\">Q. \u201cCommunalism is less a religious phenomenon and more a political and social construction.\u201d Critically examine in the context of contemporary Indian society. (250 words)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics<\/span><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>visit:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?amp=1\">www.triumphias.com\/blogs<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Read_more_Blogs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" 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class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>Read more Blogs:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hmLx4V53HP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/gender-religion-and-patriarchal-practices\/\">Gender, Religion, and Patriarchal Practices<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Gender, Religion, and Patriarchal Practices&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/gender-religion-and-patriarchal-practices\/embed\/#?secret=7jghWu4ja8#?secret=hmLx4V53HP\" data-secret=\"hmLx4V53HP\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"C1K5rsFtRw\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/there-can-be-no-social-justice-without-economic-prosperity-essay\/\">There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless \u2013 Triumph IAS &#038; Vikash Ranjan Sir<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;There can be no social justice without economic prosperity but economic prosperity without social justice is meaningless \u2013 Triumph IAS &#038; Vikash Ranjan Sir&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/there-can-be-no-social-justice-without-economic-prosperity-essay\/embed\/#?secret=lSzRmWPbBD#?secret=C1K5rsFtRw\" data-secret=\"C1K5rsFtRw\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\u201c\ud835\udfd1\ud835\udfce\ud835\udfd7 \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc24\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27 \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc25 \ud835\udc30\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc21 \ud835\udc23\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0d\ud835\udc04 \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc1e!\u201d<span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t45\/1\/16\/1f6a8.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udea8\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span>SANDESH JAIN [B.Tech] SOCIOLOGY STRATEGY <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/upsc?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#UPSC<\/a><\/span> CSE 2025<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Heartiest Congratulations <span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tb4\/1\/16\/1f38a.png\" alt=\"\ud83c\udf8a\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> to <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/sandesh?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Sandesh<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/jain?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Jain<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/ips?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#IPS<\/a><\/span>. A student of the Sociology Foundation Course (Aug 2023 Batch) at <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/triumph?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Triumph<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/ias?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#IAS<\/a><\/span>, Sandesh secured AIR 161 in UPSC CSE 2025 in his <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/first?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#First<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/mains?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Mains<\/a><\/span> appearance.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/tb4\/1\/16\/2b50.png\" alt=\"\u2b50\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> \ud835\udc16\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc24\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc21\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2f\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc31\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc21\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc2c \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc32 \ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc25 \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc1c\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1e:<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/taa\/1\/16\/1f4ca.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcca\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> \ud835\udc13\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc13\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc0b \ud835\udc12\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc02\ud835\udc08\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc0b\ud835\udc0e\ud835\udc06\ud835\udc18 \ud835\udc0c\ud835\udc00\ud835\udc11\ud835\udc0a\ud835\udc12: \ud835\udfd1\ud835\udfce\ud835\udfd7<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t50\/1\/16\/1f525.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd25\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udfcf \u2013 173 Marks<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t50\/1\/16\/1f525.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udd25\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> \ud835\udc0f\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b \ud835\udfd0 \u2013 136 Marks<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">\ud835\udc12\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc27\ud835\udc1d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc21 \ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc30\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc1d \ud835\udc1a \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc22\ud835\udc26\ud835\udc29\ud835\udc25\ud835\udc1e \ud835\udc1b\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc2d \ud835\udc29\ud835\udc28\ud835\udc30\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1f\ud835\udc2e\ud835\udc25 \ud835\udc2c\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc2b\ud835\udc1a\ud835\udc2d\ud835\udc1e\ud835\udc20\ud835\udc32:<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> Single Source Preparation- Only <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/vikash?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Vikash<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/ranjan?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Ranjan<\/a><\/span> Sir\u2019s Sociology Foundation Class Notes, Discussions, Application Strategies &amp; Answer Writing Practice.<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t33\/1\/16\/2705.png\" alt=\"\u2705\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> No multiple books or Scattered Materials, No PDFs, No Free YouTube Time Wastes, No other Essentials.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">He focused on developing Sociological Wisdom \u2014 the ability to apply concepts, thinkers, and examples in answers.<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Because UPSC preparation is not just about knowledge. It is about developing Sociological Wisdom.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/new?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#New<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/sociology?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Sociology<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/optional?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Optional<\/a><\/span> \u2013 Foundation to Final Course<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/batch?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Batch<\/a><\/span> for UPSC CSE 2027 -2028 | <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/admissions?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Admissions<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/watch\/hashtag\/open?__eep__=6%2F&amp;__cft__[0]=AZacT4C9VfsWQ6d8zBhUjf_1-Zj-8-u-ftYzgW1BSIcC2Bg6jKhQKr8AIQzL3YHOJAY3vgaWuGfhC1OfKaWTWdZYZl1b3VPyxtD2jjF0G1pEtXv7G7TmEkYpsDnDq-4V96hRxqcTI77DqGZNEJKL5LsRbxQJvrlBnUMSZTDSvBRilw8Xv26oCkdjqSkJOzH1iAWH43qy50a2c-4B-gJU74M1&amp;__tn__=*NK-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Open<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Available for:<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t25\/1\/16\/1f393.png\" alt=\"\ud83c\udf93\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> Offline Classroom Program<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t8c\/1\/16\/1f4bb.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcbb\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> Live Online Classes<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"html-span xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs x3nfvp2 x1j61x8r x1fcty0u xdj266r xat24cr xm2jcoa x1mpyi22 xxymvpz xlup9mm x1kky2od\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"xz74otr x15mokao x1ga7v0g x16uus16 xbiv7yw\" src=\"https:\/\/static.xx.fbcdn.net\/images\/emoji.php\/v9\/t57\/1\/16\/1f4f1.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcf1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" \/><\/span> Tablet Course (Learn Anytime)<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-34644 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1.jpeg\" alt=\"Triumph IAS\" width=\"1140\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1.jpeg 1140w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1-214x300.jpeg 214w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1-730x1024.jpeg 730w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1-107x150.jpeg 107w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1-768x1078.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2026-04-21-at-14.28.00-1-1094x1536.jpeg 1094w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p data-start=\"6472\" data-end=\"6682\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevant for Sociology Optional Paper 1, Paper 2, and GS Paper I (Indian Society) Introduction Communalism has emerged as one<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,110,115,116,1034,1027],"tags":[3711,3703,13078,16126,1543,787,15385,4105,15373,789,967,4537],"class_list":["post-34877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-studies-i","category-essay","category-sociology-optional-paper-i","category-sociology-optional-paper-ii","category-sociology-scoring-optional","category-sociology-upsc","tag-communal-violence","tag-communalism","tag-contemporary-society","tag-democracy-and-secularism","tag-identity-politics","tag-indian-society","tag-religion-and-politics","tag-secularism","tag-sociology-blog","tag-sociology-optional","tag-upsc-sociology","tag-upsc-cse"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34877","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34877"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34877\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34884,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34877\/revisions\/34884"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}