{"id":32794,"date":"2025-09-18T14:41:10","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T09:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=32794"},"modified":"2025-09-18T15:54:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T10:24:45","slug":"women-political-participation-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Women Political Participation in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Women_Political_Participation_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Women Political Participation in India<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(Relevant for Sociology Paper 1 Stratification and Mobility)<\/span><\/h3>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Women_Political_Participation_in_India\" title=\"Women Political Participation in India\">Women Political Participation in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Current_Landscape_of_Women_Political_Participation_in_India\" title=\"Current Landscape of Women Political Participation in India\">Current Landscape of Women Political Participation in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Sociological_Dimensions_Explaining_the_Low_Women_Political_Participation\" title=\"Sociological Dimensions: Explaining the Low Women Political Participation\">Sociological Dimensions: Explaining the Low Women Political Participation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Government_Initiatives_and_Policy_Measures_Sociological_Perspectives\" title=\"Government Initiatives and Policy Measures: Sociological Perspectives\">Government Initiatives and Policy Measures: Sociological Perspectives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Comparative_Global_Perspectives\" title=\"Comparative Global Perspectives\">Comparative Global Perspectives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#The_Way_Forward_Sociological_Suggestions_for_Enhancing_Women_Political_Participation\" title=\"The Way Forward: Sociological Suggestions for Enhancing Women Political Participation\">The Way Forward: Sociological Suggestions for Enhancing Women Political Participation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/women-political-participation-in-india\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Women political participation is a vital dimension of democratic inclusion and social justice. Globally, the rise of women in political institutions marks progress towards gender equality and responsive governance. However, India, despite being the world\u2019s largest democracy, lags behind in women\u2019s representation in legislative bodies. According to UN Women, women hold about 14.7% of seats in the Lok Sabha \u2014 less than the global average of 26.5%. This disparity reflects deep-rooted social structures, gender norms, and institutional barriers. This blog explores the sociological dimensions of women\u2019s political participation in India, drawing on sociological theories, thinkers, government initiatives, and comparative global experiences to provide a nuanced understanding and suggest pathways forward.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Current_Landscape_of_Women_Political_Participation_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Current Landscape of Women Political Participation in India<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The data is stark. Women\u2019s representation in India\u2019s lower house of parliament is approximately 14.7%, well below the global average. State assemblies display vast heterogeneity, with Chhattisgarh leading (19 women MLAs), while states like Mizoram and Himachal Pradesh report negligible or no female legislators. India ranks 148th among 193 countries on women\u2019s political participation, lagging behind even many South Asian nations. In the 2024 general elections, only 74 women won seats in Lok Sabha, a decline from 78 in 2019, highlighting the persistent structural challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociological_Dimensions_Explaining_the_Low_Women_Political_Participation\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Sociological Dimensions: Explaining the Low Women Political Participation<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-32795 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection.png\" alt=\"Sociological Dimensions: Explaining the Low Women\u2019s Political Participation\" width=\"1144\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection.png 1144w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-1024x451.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-150x66.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-768x338.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1144px) 100vw, 1144px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Patriarchy and Gender Roles (Feminist Sociology)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The foundational sociological explanation for low women political participation is patriarchy \u2014 a system where men hold primary power and predominate in political leadership roles. Feminist sociologists such as Sylvia Walby argue that patriarchy is embedded in social institutions, norms, and roles that restrict women\u2019s agency. In India, politics is culturally constructed as a male domain; women are expected to focus on domestic duties and familial responsibilities, which limits their public engagement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Gender socialization through family, education, and media perpetuates stereotypes that politics is \u2018unfeminine\u2019. This echoes Simone de Beauvoir\u2019s concept of \u201cthe Other\u201d \u2014 women\u2019s subordinate status as the \u2018second sex\u2019 entrenched in social relations.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Social Capital and Political Networks (Pierre Bourdieu)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Political participation often depends on access to social capital \u2014 networks, connections, and resources. <strong>Pierre Bourdieu\u2019s theory of social capital<\/strong> highlights how privileged groups monopolize access to valuable networks. In India, male-dominated political parties and patronage systems restrict women\u2019s access to influential circles, resources, and mentorship.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Women candidates often lack the political grooming and party support enjoyed by male counterparts, weakening their chances of nomination and election success.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Intersectionality (Kimberl\u00e9 Crenshaw)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Intersectionality provides a critical lens to understand how overlapping identities \u2014 caste, class, religion \u2014 compound women\u2019s political marginalization. For example, Dalit and tribal women face both gender discrimination and caste oppression, limiting their political visibility and influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The intersectional framework emphasizes that policies must go beyond gender and account for multiple axes of inequality to be effective. It explains why some women\u2019s political participation improves (upper-caste urban women) while others remain excluded.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Structural Barriers within Political Parties (Organizational Sociology)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Political parties in India are often patriarchal and hierarchical organizations. Organizational sociology points out that without internal democracy, women\u2019s representation suffers. Parties rarely field women candidates in winnable seats, marginalize women\u2019s wings, and exclude women from decision-making roles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">This aligns with the theory of bureaucratic inertia, where established power structures resist change, perpetuating gender inequality in politics.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Symbolic Interactionism and Gender Stereotypes<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Symbolic interactionism helps explain how everyday interactions reinforce gender roles. Political participation is shaped by societal expectations and perceptions of women as less competent leaders. Voters\u2019 biases and media portrayal influence electoral outcomes, discouraging women from contesting elections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The \u201crole congruity theory\u201d from social psychology posits that perceived incongruity between female gender roles and leadership roles results in prejudice against women politicians.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Initiatives_and_Policy_Measures_Sociological_Perspectives\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Government Initiatives and Policy Measures: Sociological Perspectives<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-32796 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-1.png\" alt=\"Government Initiatives and Policy Measures: Sociological Perspectives\" width=\"720\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-1.png 720w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-1-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-1-150x81.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">India has implemented several reforms to boost women\u2019s political participation:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1993):<\/strong> Mandate one-third reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies. This affirmative action led to over 1.4 million elected women representatives, transforming grassroots governance and challenging local patriarchy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (2023):<\/strong> Seeks to reserve 33% seats in Parliament for women, but implementation is deferred to 2029. This legal reform could mark a paradigm shift but faces political resistance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Capacity Building and Digital Literacy Programs:<\/strong> Training women leaders and improving access to digital tools enhances political agency, echoing empowerment theory which stresses enabling structures alongside rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">These policies serve as structural interventions to disrupt gender hierarchies. However, without accompanying social and cultural change, their impact remains limited.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparative_Global_Perspectives\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Comparative Global Perspectives<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examining international examples provides insight:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Rwanda:<\/strong> Post-genocide reforms led to over 60% women in parliament through legislated quotas and cultural reconstruction emphasizing inclusivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Nordic Countries:<\/strong> Sweden, Norway, and Finland have consistently high women\u2019s representation (40-50%) due to proportional representation systems, strong welfare policies supporting work-life balance, and political culture valuing gender equality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>South Asia:<\/strong> Countries like Nepal and Bangladesh have improved women\u2019s political participation through reserved seats and mass mobilization.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">India\u2019s lower ranking suggests the need for both systemic reforms and socio-cultural transformation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Way_Forward_Sociological_Suggestions_for_Enhancing_Women_Political_Participation\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>The Way Forward: Sociological Suggestions for Enhancing Women Political Participation<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-32797 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-2.png\" alt=\"The Way Forward: Sociological Suggestions for Enhancing Women\u2019s Political Participation\" width=\"960\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-2.png 960w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-2-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-2-150x87.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Sociological-Dimensions_-Explaining-the-Low-Womens-Political-Participation-visual-selection-2-768x445.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Promote Internal Party Democracy<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Political parties must democratize candidate selection, institute transparent gender quotas, and strengthen women\u2019s leadership roles within organizations. Institutional reforms can break the \u201cglass ceiling\u201d within party hierarchies.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Address Patriarchal Social Norms<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Civic education campaigns and media must challenge gender stereotypes portraying politics as male-only. Role models and positive representation can shift public attitudes, enhancing women\u2019s political legitimacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Adopt Intersectional Policy Frameworks<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Policies should be tailored to address multiple forms of oppression. For example, targeted leadership programs for Dalit, Adivasi, and Muslim women can enhance inclusivity.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Strengthen Support Systems<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Improving women\u2019s safety, mobility, and financial independence facilitates political participation. Expanding digital literacy and economic empowerment aligns with a holistic approach to gender equality.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Leverage Civil Society and Media<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Non-governmental organizations, women\u2019s collectives, and the media can play a pivotal role in advocating for reforms, supporting women candidates, and changing narratives around women in politics.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Women\u2019s political participation in India remains low due to intertwined structural, cultural, and institutional factors rooted in patriarchy, social capital inequalities, and intersectional discrimination. While legal reforms and reservations at the grassroots level mark significant progress, transformative change requires sociological insight \u2014 addressing underlying social norms, democratizing party politics, and ensuring intersectional inclusivity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Only by combining policy reforms with cultural change and empowerment efforts can India move towards genuine gender equality in its political landscape, thereby strengthening its democratic fabric and social justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics<\/span><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" 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