{"id":32283,"date":"2025-08-20T16:27:14","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T10:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=32283"},"modified":"2025-08-20T16:27:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T10:57:14","slug":"urban-caste-and-the-new-untouchability","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/urban-caste-and-the-new-untouchability\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban Caste and the New Untouchability | Triumph IAS"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urban_Caste_and_The_New_Untouchability\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 48px;\">Urban Caste and<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 48px;\">The New Untouchability<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(Relevant for Sociology Paper I: Stratification<br \/>\nand Mobility &amp; Paper II: Caste System<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/urban-caste-and-the-new-untouchability\/#Urban_Caste_and_The_New_Untouchability\" title=\"Urban Caste and \nThe New Untouchability\">Urban Caste and \nThe New Untouchability<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/urban-caste-and-the-new-untouchability\/#Urban_Caste_and_The_New_Untouchability-2\" title=\"Urban Caste and The New Untouchability\">Urban Caste and The New Untouchability<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/urban-caste-and-the-new-untouchability\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urban_Caste_and_The_New_Untouchability-2\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Urban Caste and The New Untouchability<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Caste in India has often been associated with villages, traditional occupations, and rigid social hierarchies. However, the assumption that urbanization automatically dissolves caste boundaries is misleading. Cities, once imagined as spaces of modernity and equality, are now witnessing new forms of caste discrimination. This phenomenon is often described as the <strong>\u201cnew untouchability\u201d<\/strong> in urban contexts. Understanding the transformation of caste in urban settings is crucial. Concepts like <strong>social stratification, social mobility, identity politics, and caste-class nexus<\/strong> directly intersect with this issue. Moreover, contemporary developments <strong>such as housing discrimination, digital untouchability, and workplace exclusion<\/strong> provide strong linkages to sociology syllabus topics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Historical Context of Untouchability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Traditionally, untouchability was rooted in <strong>ritual purity and pollution<\/strong>, as explained by <strong>G.S. Ghurye and Louis Dumont.<\/strong> In villages, Dalits were excluded from temples, wells, and even common spaces. With urbanization and constitutional safeguards like <strong>Article 17 (Abolition of Untouchability)<\/strong>, many believed caste-based discrimination would fade away. <strong>M.N. Srinivas<\/strong> noted through the concept of <strong>\u201cSanskritization\u201d<\/strong>, caste adapts to new settings rather than disappearing. Today\u2019s cities reveal how caste discrimination has transformed rather than vanished.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Forms of New Untouchability in Urban India<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-32285\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-150x122.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1107\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-150x122.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-768x625.png 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection.png 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1107px) 100vw, 1107px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Housing Discrimination<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dalits and lower castes often face exclusion in metropolitan rental markets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Landlords explicitly deny houses to people based on caste or surnames.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Segregated urban colonies mirror village-level caste segregation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Workplace Untouchability<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dalits in corporate settings encounter <strong>glass ceilings<\/strong> and stereotypes about competence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Caste-based surnames on r\u00e9sum\u00e9s continue to influence hiring practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dalit entrepreneurs struggle to access business networks, reflecting <strong>R. Ambedkar\u2019s idea of caste as an economic system<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Digital Untouchability<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">On matrimonial sites, caste filters are widely used.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Social media communities often replicate caste boundaries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Online abuse against Dalits reflects the extension of caste prejudice into virtual spaces.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Educational Spaces<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Urban schools and universities sometimes reproduce subtle caste hierarchies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Cases of discrimination against Dalit students in premier institutes highlight exclusion despite merit.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Student suicides in <strong>IITs and AIIMS<\/strong> have reignited debates on caste discrimination in higher education.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Everyday Interactions<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Refusal to share meals, stereotyping food habits, or avoidance of social closeness show how untouchability takes <strong>symbolic forms<\/strong> in urban contexts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dalit women, in particular, face <strong>intersectional discrimination<\/strong> (caste + gender).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Sociological Analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-32286\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-1-111x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"882\" height=\"1192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-1-111x150.png 111w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-1-222x300.png 222w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Forms-of-New-Untouchability-in-Urban-India-visual-selection-1.png 732w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 882px) 100vw, 882px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Functionalist Perspective<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Functionalist thinkers argue that caste historically maintained social order by dividing roles and responsibilities. In urban areas, caste continues to serve a <strong>\u201cfunctional\u201d role<\/strong>, but in a different way. It operates as a form of <strong>social capital<\/strong>, where caste-based networks determine access to jobs, housing, and marriage alliances. Even in modern cities, people rely on caste connections for upward mobility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Conflict Perspective (Marxist View)<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marxist scholars<\/strong> like <strong>A.R. Desai<\/strong> emphasize that caste and class are closely intertwined. Urban untouchability shows how caste continues to regulate economic opportunities. Dalits are often excluded from lucrative jobs, denied housing, and kept at the margins of the capitalist economy. This reflects how caste works as a <strong>system of exploitation and control<\/strong>, benefiting dominant groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Symbolic Interactionism<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Symbolic interactionists focus on everyday practices and interactions. In cities, untouchability often appears in subtle acts\u2014<strong>like reluctance to share meals, caste jokes, or avoidance of social closeness.<\/strong> These everyday interactions reproduce inequality and stigma. <strong>Erving Goffman\u2019s idea of<\/strong> <strong>\u201cstigma\u201d<\/strong> is useful here: caste-based labels mark individuals as inferior, even in supposedly merit-based urban spaces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Ambedkarite Perspective<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>B.R. Ambedkar<\/strong> saw caste not just as a hierarchy but as a system of <strong>exclusion and humiliation<\/strong>. His insights remain central for analyzing <strong>new untouchability<\/strong>. Despite constitutional safeguards, Dalits still face social and psychological exclusion in cities. Ambedkar\u2019s argument that caste is a \u201c<strong>division of laborers\u201d <\/strong>rather than division of labor explains why Dalits continue to be confined to degrading jobs even in modern urban economies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Contemporary Thinkers<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Modern scholars highlight new patterns of caste in urban India. <strong>Anand Teltumbde<\/strong> explains how neoliberal reforms have produced a <strong>\u201cmarket caste system\u201d<\/strong>, where access to capital, credit, and entrepreneurship is caste-mediated. <strong>Surinder S. Jodhka<\/strong> shows that caste identity remains central to urban housing, employment, and even politics. Together, these studies prove that caste is not disappearing\u2014it is reshaping itself in new urban forms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Case Studies and Examples<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Mumbai<\/strong>: Dalit families often excluded from cooperative housing societies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Delhi<\/strong>: A study by JNU scholars showed job applicants with Dalit surnames received fewer interview calls.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Hyderabad University (2016)<\/strong>: Rohith Vemula\u2019s institutional discrimination case became a symbol of urban untouchability in education.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Bengaluru IT Sector<\/strong>: Despite being a \u201cmodern\u201d industry, caste networking determines hiring and promotions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Constitutional and Legal Safeguards<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Article 17<\/strong>: Abolishes untouchability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>SC\/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989<\/strong>: Protects Dalits from discrimination and violence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Reservation Policies<\/strong>: Provide access to education and jobs but face backlash in urban middle-class spaces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Despite these, <strong>implementation gaps<\/strong> remain, especially in private sector and urban housing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 32px; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>The New Untouchability and Indian Society<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The urban caste issue highlights <strong>paradoxical social change<\/strong> in India:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">On one hand, <strong>mobility and education<\/strong> allow Dalits to enter new spaces.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">On the other, <strong>structural discrimination adapts<\/strong> itself into subtle and modernized forms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">This reflects <strong>M.N. Srinivas\u2019s idea of \u201cdominant caste\u201d<\/strong>\u2014urban elites continue to control resources while excluding marginalized groups.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000; font-size: 32px;\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Stricter Enforcement of Anti-Discrimination Laws<\/strong> in housing and employment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Private Sector Reservations<\/strong> or diversity quotas to ensure inclusion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Awareness Campaigns<\/strong> against digital and symbolic untouchability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Intersectional Policies<\/strong> addressing caste, class, and gender together.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Sociological Research<\/strong> to continuously map urban caste dynamics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000; font-size: 32px;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The belief that cities are \u201ccasteless\u201d is a myth. Urbanization has not erased caste but restructured it into new forms of exclusion. The <strong>new untouchability<\/strong> is visible in <strong>housing, workplaces, education, and even digital spaces.<\/strong> This theme connects directly with topics like <strong>caste system, social change, modernization, urbanization, social exclusion, and inequality<\/strong>. Understanding it not only strengthens academic preparation but also offers insights into the lived realities of contemporary Indian society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Here\u2019s a <strong>compiled list of UPSC Sociology Paper 1 and Paper 2 questions from the last 10 years (2014\u20132024)<\/strong> that are directly or indirectly related to <strong>Urban Caste and New Untouchability<\/strong>. These are questions where caste, urbanization, discrimination, and social change overlap. I\u2019ve arranged them under Paper 1 and 2 separately, with the <strong>year mentioned at the end<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000; font-size: 32px;\"><strong>PYQs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Paper 1: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss the persistence of caste in modern urban India. How far has urbanization succeeded in weakening caste? (2014)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examine the changing nature of untouchability in the context of social mobility and urbanization. (2016)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Is caste system disintegrating in India? Discuss with reference to urbanization and education. (2017)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">How do everyday interactions in cities reproduce caste prejudices? Explain with reference to symbolic interactionism. (2018)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Critically analyze the concept of \u201cnew casteism\u201d in Indian society. (2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss the role of caste in shaping social mobility in urban India. (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examine the persistence of caste in digital spaces and its impact on urban social relations. (2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss the relevance of Ambedkar\u2019s perspective on caste in understanding contemporary urban untouchability. (2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Paper 2: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Explain the impact of urbanization on the caste system in India. (2015)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Has urbanization led to the decline of caste? Give sociological reasons for your answer. (2016)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Critically examine the phenomenon of housing discrimination in Indian cities. (2017)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss the role of caste in electoral politics in urban areas. (2018)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Evaluate the statement: \u201cCaste is invisible in cities but decisive in opportunities.\u201d (2019)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examine the issue of caste-based discrimination in Indian universities with reference to recent incidents. (2020)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss how neoliberal reforms have reshaped caste-based inequalities in urban India. (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Explain the concept of \u201cdigital untouchability\u201d with reference to caste in urban India. (2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Caste in urban India is not disappearing but transforming. Discuss with examples. (2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Analyze how caste continues to mediate access to housing, jobs, and education in urban India despite constitutional safeguards. (2024)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics<\/span><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>visit:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?amp=1\">www.triumphias.com\/blogs<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Read_more_Blogs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>Read more Blogs:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"T6qZ9xinuq\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/gig-economy-or-exploitation-urban-company-maid-in-15-minutes-service\/\">Gig Economy or Exploitation? Urban Company &#8216;Maid-in-15-Minutes&#8217; Service | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Gig Economy or Exploitation? Urban Company &#8216;Maid-in-15-Minutes&#8217; Service | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/gig-economy-or-exploitation-urban-company-maid-in-15-minutes-service\/embed\/#?secret=GJkYQ0IZdq#?secret=T6qZ9xinuq\" data-secret=\"T6qZ9xinuq\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"y5Hwv3ZL9c\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/reinventing-of-india-healthcare-system\/\">Reinventing of India Healthcare System: A Path Toward Universal Wellness | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Reinventing of India Healthcare System: A Path Toward Universal Wellness | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/reinventing-of-india-healthcare-system\/embed\/#?secret=DsklIwXlzb#?secret=y5Hwv3ZL9c\" data-secret=\"y5Hwv3ZL9c\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Urban Caste and The New Untouchability (Relevant for Sociology Paper I: Stratification and Mobility &amp; Paper II: Caste System) Urban<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32284,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,116],"tags":[13570,540,2650,390,13571],"class_list":["post-32283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sociology-optional-paper-i","category-sociology-optional-paper-ii","tag-new-untouchability","tag-sociology","tag-untouchability","tag-upsc","tag-urban-caste"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32283"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32287,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32283\/revisions\/32287"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}