{"id":31392,"date":"2025-07-07T13:09:25","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=31392"},"modified":"2025-07-07T13:09:25","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T07:39:25","slug":"dowry-system-and-violence-against-women","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/","title":{"rendered":"Dowry System and Violence against Women in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dowry_System_and_Violence_against_Women_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Dowry System and Violence against Women in India<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(Relevant for Sociology <\/strong><strong>Paper I: Sociological Thinkers<\/strong>; <strong>Stratification and Mobility and Sociology <\/strong><strong>Paper II: Social Problems)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 810px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-31392-1\" width=\"810\" height=\"456\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/UPSC-CSE-2024-Result-_-Triumph-IAS-with-Vikash-Ranjan-Sir.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/UPSC-CSE-2024-Result-_-Triumph-IAS-with-Vikash-Ranjan-Sir.mp4\">https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/UPSC-CSE-2024-Result-_-Triumph-IAS-with-Vikash-Ranjan-Sir.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Dowry_System_and_Violence_against_Women_in_India\" title=\"Dowry System and Violence against Women in India\">Dowry System and Violence against Women in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Introduction_Dowry_System_and_Violence_against_Women\" title=\"Introduction: Dowry System and Violence against Women\">Introduction: Dowry System and Violence against Women<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Understanding_Dowry_Deaths\" title=\"Understanding Dowry Deaths:\">Understanding Dowry Deaths:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#NCRB_Statistics\" title=\"NCRB Statistics\">NCRB Statistics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Legal_Framework_against_Dowry_Harassment\" title=\"Legal Framework against Dowry Harassment\">Legal Framework against Dowry Harassment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Sociological_Analysis\" title=\"Sociological Analysis\">Sociological Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Recent_Trends_and_Shifts\" title=\"Recent Trends and Shifts\">Recent Trends and Shifts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Impact_on_Society\" title=\"Impact on Society\">Impact on Society<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Way_Forward\" title=\"Way Forward:\">Way Forward:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#PYQs_%E2%80%93\" title=\"PYQs \u2013\">PYQs \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/dowry-system-and-violence-against-women\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_Dowry_System_and_Violence_against_Women\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Introduction: Dowry System and Violence against Women<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dowry deaths continue to plague Indian society despite multiple legal safeguards, awareness campaigns, and social reforms. The issue of <strong>bride burning, dowry-related suicides and harassment for dowry <\/strong>are not isolated incidents but reflect deep-seated structural inequalities rooted in patriarchy, caste, and class dynamics. As per the <strong>National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)<\/strong>, India still witnesses <strong>thousands of dowry-related deaths each year<\/strong> \u2014 a grim reminder that the practice is alive despite being criminalized.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_Dowry_Deaths\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Understanding Dowry Deaths: <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Dowry death<\/strong> refers to the <strong>death of a woman caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage<\/strong>, and it is shown that she was subjected to <strong>cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband<\/strong> in connection with the demand for dowry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">According to <strong>Section 304B<\/strong> of the <strong>Indian Penal Code (IPC),<\/strong> such deaths are punishable by a minimum sentence of <strong>seven years and up to life imprisonment<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"NCRB_Statistics\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>NCRB Statistics<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Over <strong>6,000 dowry deaths<\/strong> reported annually.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Highest in <strong>Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Thousands of <strong>cases filed under Section 498A<\/strong> IPC (cruelty by husband or relatives).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Framework_against_Dowry_Harassment\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Legal Framework against Dowry Harassment<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31396 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection-1.png\" alt=\"Legal Framework against Dowry Harassment\" width=\"767\" height=\"421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection-1.png 767w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection-1-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection-1-150x82.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, 767px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Criminalizes giving, taking, or demanding dowry.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Penalties include imprisonment and fines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Section 498A IPC<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Protects women from cruelty and harassment by husband\/relatives.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Section 304B IPC<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Deals with unnatural death of a woman due to dowry-related cruelty.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005<\/strong><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Broader protection covering physical, emotional, economic abuse.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociological_Analysis\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Sociological Analysis<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31393 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Indias-Demographic-Snapshot-visual-selection-4.png\" alt=\"Sociological Analysis\" width=\"764\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Indias-Demographic-Snapshot-visual-selection-4.png 764w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Indias-Demographic-Snapshot-visual-selection-4-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Indias-Demographic-Snapshot-visual-selection-4-150x102.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 764px) 100vw, 764px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Patriarchy and Gender Socialization<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The dowry system is a manifestation of deep-rooted patriarchal values, where women are perceived as economic burdens and men as providers. Sociologist <strong>Sylvia Walby\u2019s structures of patriarchy<\/strong> (<strong>household, paid work, state, violence, sexuality, culture<\/strong>) help explain how control over women is systemically enforced through practices like dowry.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Merton&#8217;s Strain Theory<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">In the context of <strong>Robert Merton\u2019s strain theory<\/strong>, individuals and families who fail to achieve material success through legitimate means may resort to deviant practices like dowry harassment. The material expectations from marriage (like dowry) create an anomic condition, especially in the <strong>middle and lower-middle classes<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Caste-Class Nexus<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Andr\u00e9 B\u00e9teille<\/strong> emphasized the role of <strong>status groups<\/strong>, particularly caste, in perpetuating social hierarchies. Dowry becomes a tool for caste endogamy and status maintenance. It\u2019s more than a financial transaction \u2014 it&#8217;s a <strong>symbol of prestige<\/strong>, especially among upper-caste and land-owning classes.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"4\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Symbolic Interactionism<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">In many Indian families, marriages are seen as a social performance. Dowry becomes a <strong>symbolic exchange<\/strong> representing family honor, masculinity, and societal worth. As per <strong>Erving Goffman<\/strong>, the &#8220;presentation of self&#8221; during marriage ceremonies contributes to societal expectations of lavish dowries.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Feminist Perspective<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Radical feminists<\/strong> argue that dowry deaths are an expression of systemic violence by the patriarchal structure. <strong>Delphy and Leonard\u2019s<\/strong> domestic labor theory shows how women are exploited within households, with dowry being a continuation of commodifying women.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"6\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Intersectionality<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Kimberl\u00e9 Crenshaw\u2019s<\/strong> theory of intersectionality helps analyze how <strong>caste, class, and gender<\/strong> intersect in dowry-related violence. Dalit and tribal women face compounded vulnerabilities, where legal and police recourse is often unavailable.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recent_Trends_and_Shifts\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Recent Trends and Shifts<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Dowry as Consumerism<\/strong>: With globalization and materialism, dowry demands are not just limited to cash or gold, but include cars, apartments, and even foreign trips.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Urban Middle Class<\/strong>: Dowry is often repackaged as \u2018gifts\u2019 to avoid legal scrutiny. Digital payments, luxury items, and real estate have replaced traditional dowries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Digital Harassment<\/strong>: Cases of cyber dowry harassment and threats over social media are emerging.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Misuse of Laws<\/strong>: Critics argue Section 498A is sometimes misused, though NCRB data shows only a small fraction of cases are declared false after investigation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_on_Society\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Impact on Society<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31395 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection.png\" alt=\"Impact on Society\" width=\"744\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection.png 744w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Impact-on-Society-visual-selection-150x67.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Normalization of Violence<\/strong>: Acceptance of harassment during marriage reduces the threshold for violence against women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Mental Health Impact<\/strong>: Victims suffer from trauma, depression, and suicidal tendencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Underreporting<\/strong>: Many cases are reported as &#8220;accidental deaths&#8221; due to fear, shame, or societal pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Reinforcement of Gender Stereotypes<\/strong>: Encourages the view of women as dependents and commodities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Way Forward: <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Social Reforms<\/strong>: Strengthen awareness campaigns (e<strong>.g., Beti Bachao Beti Padhao<\/strong>) to change societal mindset about daughters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Community Involvement<\/strong>: Empower <strong>mahila mandals,<\/strong> <strong>self-help groups (SHGs),<\/strong> and <strong>local panchayats<\/strong> to resolve complaints swiftly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Legal Strengthening<\/strong>: Improve efficiency and sensitivity of police, judiciary, and legal redressal mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marriage Registration<\/strong>: Make registration of marriage compulsory with <strong>declaration of gifts\/dowry.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Education and Economic Empowerment<\/strong>: Promote women\u2019s education and employment to reduce dependence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Technology<\/strong>: Use digital platforms for anonymous complaint filing and awareness campaigns.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dowry deaths are not merely personal tragedies but reflect a <strong>collective societal failure<\/strong>. Despite laws, dowry remains institutionalized within marriage customs, reflecting the deep-rooted <strong>patriarchal and caste-based hierarchies<\/strong>. Tackling this requires a multi-pronged approach \u2014 <strong>legal, educational, cultural, and economic.<\/strong> Every social evil is a product of structural forces \u2014 and therefore, must be addressed not just legally but sociologically.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PYQs_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>PYQs \u2013<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> I <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>&#8220;How does structural-functional theory explain deviant practices like dowry harassment?&#8221; (2017)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> II <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>&#8220;Discuss how patriarchy and caste perpetuate gender-based violence in Indian society.&#8221;(2022)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>&#8220;Critically evaluate the role of legal mechanisms in addressing violence against women in India.&#8221; (2021)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>&#8220;Discuss the role of intersectionality in understanding women\u2019s oppression in Indian society.&#8221; (2020)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u201cWhat are the social consequences of dowry in India?&#8221; \u00a0(2019)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31112 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-25-at-13.46.25_70749268.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1126\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-25-at-13.46.25_70749268.jpg 1126w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-25-at-13.46.25_70749268-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-25-at-13.46.25_70749268-721x1024.jpg 721w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-25-at-13.46.25_70749268-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-25-at-13.46.25_70749268-768x1091.jpg 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Sociology<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31394,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,116],"tags":[13025,13027,1962,13022,13023,1961,787,13024,1517,13026],"class_list":["post-31392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sociology-optional-paper-i","category-sociology-optional-paper-ii","tag-anti-dowry-laws","tag-bride-harassment","tag-domestic-violence","tag-dowry-system-in-india","tag-dowry-violence","tag-gender-based-violence","tag-indian-society","tag-social-evils-in-india","tag-violence-against-women","tag-womens-rights-in-india"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31392"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31392\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31400,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31392\/revisions\/31400"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}