{"id":31039,"date":"2025-06-23T12:08:27","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:38:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=31039"},"modified":"2025-06-23T12:08:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:38:27","slug":"racial-discrimination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/","title":{"rendered":"Racial Discrimination"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Racial_Discrimination\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Racial Discrimination<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(Relevant for Sociology <\/strong><strong>Paper I: Stratification and Mobility and Sociology <\/strong><strong>Paper II: Caste System; Social Movements in Modern India)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 810px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-31039-1\" width=\"810\" height=\"456\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/final-cse-result-ady.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/final-cse-result-ady.mp4\">https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/final-cse-result-ady.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Racial_Discrimination\" title=\"Racial Discrimination\">Racial Discrimination<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Sociological_Analysis\" title=\"Sociological Analysis\">Sociological Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination_Across_the_Globe\" title=\"Forms of Racial Discrimination Across the Globe\">Forms of Racial Discrimination Across the Globe<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Is_Racial_Discrimination_Present_in_India\" title=\"Is Racial Discrimination Present in India?\">Is Racial Discrimination Present in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Legal_Measures_Against_Racial_Discrimination\" title=\"Legal Measures Against Racial Discrimination\">Legal Measures Against Racial Discrimination<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Contemporary_Relevance_Globalization_and_Race\" title=\"Contemporary Relevance: Globalization and Race\">Contemporary Relevance: Globalization and Race<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#PYQs\" title=\"PYQs\">PYQs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/racial-discrimination\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>\u201cNo one is born hating another person because of the color of his skin.\u201d<\/strong><strong> \u2014 Nelson Mandela<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Racial discrimination<\/strong> refers to <strong>unjust or prejudicial treatment<\/strong> of individuals based on their <strong>race, skin color, ethnicity, or ancestry<\/strong>. It is a <strong>socially constructed phenomenon<\/strong> that assigns hierarchical value to human physical traits, often resulting in <strong>inequality, exclusion, and violence<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Though most commonly discussed in <strong>Western societies<\/strong>, racism has <strong>manifested globally<\/strong>, including in <strong>India<\/strong>, albeit through <strong>different structures like caste, colorism, and ethnic exclusion<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociological_Analysis\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Sociological Analysis<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31040 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-20.png\" alt=\"Sociological Analysis\" width=\"1009\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-20.png 1009w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-20-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-20-150x87.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-20-768x443.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1009px) 100vw, 1009px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Structural Functionalism \u2013 Talcott Parsons <\/strong>viewed society as a system of interrelated parts working together. Racial discrimination, in this framework, is seen as<strong> dysfunctional because it disrupts social harmony and integration. <\/strong>It hampers the optimal performance of institutions <strong>like education and economy by excluding certain racial groups<\/strong>, leading to social disequilibrium.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Conflict Theory \u2013 Marxian theorists interpret racial discrimination as a tool of class domination. Du Bois argued that race was used to divide the working class and uphold capitalist interests. Racism, in this view, is not just interpersonal prejudice but a structural mechanism that maintains economic inequality and power asymmetry.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Symbolic Interactionism \u2013 <\/strong>This theory focuses on micro-level interactions and how meanings of race and identity are socially constructed<strong>. Goffman\u2019s idea of stigma applies to racial minorities who face labeling and stereotyping. <\/strong>Through <strong>everyday interactions\u2014like racial slurs or profiling\u2014<\/strong>racial meanings are reinforced, sustaining discrimination even without formal structures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Post-Colonial Theory \u2013 <\/strong>Post-colonial theorists argue that colonialism produced<strong> racial hierarchies privileging white\/European standards. Frantz Fanon &amp; Edward <\/strong>said emphasized how colonized subjects internalized inferiority through racialized discourse.<strong> Said&#8217;s concept of \u201cOrientalism\u201d reveals how the West constructed the East as backward and inferior, justifying domination. <\/strong>Racial discrimination here is both ideological and psychological.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"5\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Ethno-Racial Typologies \u2013 In colonial India, H.H. Risley classified Indian castes and tribes based on racial features like nasal index, promoting a pseudo-scientific racial hierarchy. He argued that caste was rooted in race, linking Indo-Aryans with superior racial stock. <\/strong>This theory has been debunked, but it institutionalized racial and caste discrimination under colonial rule and shaped<strong> early anthropological <\/strong>discourse in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"6\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Critical Race Theory (CRT) \u2013 CRT posits that racism is not just individual bias but embedded in law, policies, and institutions. <\/strong>It emphasizes intersectionality\u2014how race intersects with <strong>gender, class, and caste to produce cumulative disadvantage. <\/strong>This theory helps understand <strong>institutional discrimination in policing, healthcare, or housing.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination_Across_the_Globe\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Forms of Racial Discrimination Across the Globe<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31043 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-22.png\" alt=\"Forms of Racial Discrimination Across the Globe\" width=\"780\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-22.png 780w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-22-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-22-150x81.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-22-768x416.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> United States: Structural Racism<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Police brutality<\/strong>, housing segregation, and wage gaps reflect <strong>institutional racism<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The <strong>Black Lives Matter (BLM)<\/strong> movement has spotlighted racial injustice.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> South Africa: Apartheid Legacy<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Institutional separation of races till 1994.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Post-apartheid, racial inequality persists in access to education and jobs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Europe: Islamophobia &amp; Ethnic Xenophobia<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Rise in discrimination against <strong>immigrants and Muslims<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Issues with integration, ghettoization, and identity politics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Racial_Discrimination_Present_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Is Racial Discrimination Present in India?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-31042 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-21.png\" alt=\"Is Racial Discrimination Present in India?\" width=\"744\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-21.png 744w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-21-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Sociological-Analysis-visual-selection-21-150x111.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Though India doesn&#8217;t have a formal <strong>\u201crace\u201d system like the West<\/strong>, <strong>caste, skin color (colorism), regionalism, and ethnic identity<\/strong> serve similar exclusionary functions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Northeast Indian Discrimination<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">People from the Northeast face <strong>racist slurs<\/strong>, <strong>housing discrimination<\/strong>, and <strong>workplace bias<\/strong>, especially in metropolitan cities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>African Students in India<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Subjected to <strong>violent attacks<\/strong>, accused of criminal behavior, often <strong>stereotyped in media<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Colorism in Indian Society<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Preference for \u201cfair\u201d skin, visible in <strong>marriage ads<\/strong>, <strong>beauty standards<\/strong>, and <strong>employment biases<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Ethnic Profiling in Policing<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Minority groups, especially <strong>Muslims and tribals<\/strong>, face <strong>surveillance and institutional bias<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Measures_Against_Racial_Discrimination\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Legal Measures Against Racial Discrimination<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Global Frameworks<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>UN Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1965)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Indian Constitutional Safeguards<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Article 15(1)<\/strong>: Prohibits discrimination based on race, religion, caste, sex, or place of birth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Article 14<\/strong>: Equality before the law.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>SC\/ST Atrocities Act<\/strong>: Aims to eliminate caste-based exclusion, akin to racial discrimination.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contemporary_Relevance_Globalization_and_Race\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Contemporary Relevance: Globalization and Race<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Globalization has:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Created <strong>transnational racial hierarchies<\/strong> (e.g., <strong>white labor preferred in service sectors<\/strong>).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Increased <strong>visibility of racism<\/strong> through digital platforms <strong>(e.g., #BlackLivesMatter).<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">However, it has also:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Enabled <strong>solidarity movements<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Allowed for <strong>transnational anti-racism activism<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Racial discrimination is not just a Western phenomenon<\/strong>, but a <strong>universal structure of inequality<\/strong> with deep historical, economic, and psychological roots. In India, caste, colorism, and ethnic exclusion play analogous roles. Addressing it requires <strong>educational reforms, legal enforcement, social sensitization<\/strong>, and most importantly, <strong>redefining human value beyond skin color or ancestry<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PYQs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>PYQs <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> 1:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>What are the structural sources of social inequality? Discuss with reference to caste and race.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(2016)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Explain how race and ethnicity intersect with class and gender in stratified societies.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(2019)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>How do symbolic interactionists explain race and ethnic relations?<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> 2:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Discuss the challenges faced by the people of Northeast India in mainland cities<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(2015)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Discuss how caste and regional identities shape political behavior in India.<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(2019)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-30732 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1126\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc.jpg 1126w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-721x1024.jpg 721w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-768x1091.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-1081x1536.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1126px) 100vw, 1126px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics<\/span><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', 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