{"id":30911,"date":"2025-06-18T11:32:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T06:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=30911"},"modified":"2025-06-18T11:34:00","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T06:04:00","slug":"the-care-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"The Care Economy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Care_Economy\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>The Care Economy<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>(Relevant for Sociology <\/strong><strong>Paper I: Works and Economic Life and Sociology <\/strong><strong>Paper II: Visions of Social Change in India)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<div style=\"width: 810px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-30911-1\" width=\"810\" height=\"456\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/final-cse-result-ady.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/final-cse-result-ady.mp4\">https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/final-cse-result-ady.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#The_Care_Economy\" title=\"The Care Economy\">The Care Economy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Why_is_the_Care_Economy_Important_for_India\" title=\"Why is the Care Economy Important for India?\">Why is the Care Economy Important for India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Sociological_Analysis\" title=\"Sociological Analysis\">Sociological Analysis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Recognitions_Reports\" title=\"Recognitions &amp; Reports\">Recognitions &amp; Reports<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Government_Initiatives\" title=\"Government Initiatives\">Government Initiatives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Way_Forward\" title=\"Way Forward\">Way Forward<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#PYQs_%E2%80%93\" title=\"PYQs \u2013\">PYQs \u2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-care-economy\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The <strong>care economy encompasses all forms of care work\u2014paid and unpaid\u2014<\/strong>performed in <strong>households, communities, and institutions. It includes childcare, eldercare, healthcare, education, and domestic services.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Despite being foundational to human development and economic productivity, <strong>care work remains undervalued, disproportionately performed by women, and often excluded from formal economic calculations like GDP.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_the_Care_Economy_Important_for_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Why is the Care Economy Important for India?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-30912 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection.png\" alt=\"Why is the Care Economy Important for India\" width=\"648\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection.png 648w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-150x107.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>According to NSSO&#8217;s Time Use Survey (2019<\/strong>), <strong>Indian women spend 299 minutes\/day on unpaid domestic work compared to 97 minutes for men.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Over 85% of care work in India is informal, unpaid, and predominantly handled by women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Gender inequality in caregiving restricts women&#8217;s participation in the labor force\u2014India has one of the lowest female labor force participation rates (FLFPR) in the world (~25%).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociological_Analysis\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Sociological Analysis<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-30913 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-1.png\" alt=\"Sociological Analysis\" width=\"768\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-1.png 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-1-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-1-150x72.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Feminist Perspective: Ann Oakley,<\/strong> a leading feminist sociologist, emphasizes that <strong>domestic labor is real labor that deserves recognition. She argues that women&#8217;s unpaid work is a hidden subsidy to the capitalist economy.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Arlie Hochschild\u2019s \u201cEmotional Labour\u201d: <\/strong>In her seminal work, Hochschild describes how women not only perform physical care but also <strong>emotional labor\u2014soothing, nurturing, and maintaining relationships.<\/strong> This <strong>labor is invisible but crucial.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Marxist-Feminist Approach: The Marxist-Feminist perspective (e.g., Silvia Federici)<\/strong> critiques capitalism for relying on <strong>reproductive labor (care work)<\/strong> without compensating it. The exploitation of unpaid care sustains capitalist accumulation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong> Symbolic Violence: Bourdieu\u2019s concept of symbolic violence<\/strong> helps explain how social norms naturalize <strong>women\u2019s role as caregivers, making inequality appear legitimate and \u201cnormal.\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recognitions_Reports\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Recognitions &amp; Reports<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-30914 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-2.png\" alt=\"Recognitions &amp; Reports\" width=\"576\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-2.png 576w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-2-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-2-150x82.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>G20 2023 India Presidency<\/strong> acknowledged the care economy as a pillar of inclusive growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>ILO\u2019s Decent Work Agenda<\/strong> promotes investment in care jobs with social protection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>The Economic Survey 2021-22 discussed \u201csocial infrastructure\u201d<\/strong> like education and care services as critical for women\u2019s empowerment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Initiatives\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Government Initiatives<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>PM Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Anganwadi Services (ICDS)<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>National Creche Scheme<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Kerala\u2019s Kudumbashree as a decentralized care economy initiative.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">However, none provide universal coverage or direct recognition of unpaid care work.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-30915 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-3.png\" alt=\"Way Forward\" width=\"924\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-3.png 924w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-3-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-3-150x86.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Why-is-the-Care-Economy-Important-for-India_-visual-selection-3-768x441.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 924px) 100vw, 924px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Recognize unpaid care work in national accounts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Invest in care infrastructure\u2014<strong>childcare centers, eldercare homes, maternity benefits.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Promote redistribution of care responsibilities between men and women.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Introduce social protection and pension schemes for unpaid caregivers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The care economy is the invisible fuel that powers human capability and productivity. Recognizing and supporting it is not only a gender justice issue but also an economic and developmental necessity. A sociological lens reveals that restructuring care work can help create a more inclusive, equitable and humane society.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PYQs_%E2%80%93\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>PYQs \u2013 <\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> I <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examine the concept of emotional labour. How does it contribute to the understanding of gender roles in contemporary society? (2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss the gendered division of labour in the context of paid and unpaid work. (2016)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Explain the concept of \u2018reproductive labour\u2019 and its significance in feminist sociology. (2015)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> II <\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Explain the low work participation rate of women in India. (2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on women\u2019s unpaid labour. (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Examine the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in empowering women in rural India. (2019)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Discuss the role of the State in recognizing and reducing women\u2019s unpaid work. (2018)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-30732 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1126\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc.jpg 1126w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-211x300.jpg 211w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-721x1024.jpg 721w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-106x150.jpg 106w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-768x1091.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-06-10-at-22.46.35_845289fc-1081x1536.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1126px) 100vw, 1126px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics<\/span><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>visit:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?amp=1\">www.triumphias.com\/blogs<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Read_more_Blogs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" 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Amendment<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Andhra Pradesh Labour Law Amendment&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/andhra-pradesh-labour-law-amendment\/embed\/#?secret=OWDdx8N3rt#?secret=kg8uKXnPAq\" data-secret=\"kg8uKXnPAq\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Care Economy (Relevant for Sociology Paper I: Works and Economic Life and Sociology Paper II: Visions of Social 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