{"id":2705,"date":"2019-01-22T14:07:45","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T08:37:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=2705"},"modified":"2019-01-22T14:07:47","modified_gmt":"2019-01-22T08:37:47","slug":"tribal-peasant-revolts-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Tribal-Peasant Revolts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#Relevant_for_Preliminary_Test_2019_History_of_Modern_India-Tribal_Revolts_Also_Relevant_For_Sociology_Mains_GS_Paper_1\" title=\"Relevant for Preliminary Test 2019:History of Modern India-Tribal Revolts (Also Relevant For Sociology &amp; Mains GS Paper 1)\">Relevant for Preliminary Test 2019:History of Modern India-Tribal Revolts (Also Relevant For Sociology &amp; Mains GS Paper 1)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#1_Sanyasi_Rebellion\" title=\"1. Sanyasi Rebellion\">1. Sanyasi Rebellion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#2_Tilka_Manjhis_Revolt\" title=\"2. Tilka Manjhi\u2019s Revolt\">2. Tilka Manjhi\u2019s Revolt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#3_Sambalpur_Revolt\" title=\"3. Sambalpur Revolt\">3. Sambalpur Revolt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#4_Kherwar_Uprising\" title=\"4. Kherwar Uprising\">4. Kherwar Uprising<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#4_Santhal_Rebellion\" title=\"4. Santhal Rebellion\">4. Santhal Rebellion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#5_Indigo_Revolt\" title=\"5. Indigo Revolt\">5. Indigo Revolt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#6_Munda_Uprising\" title=\"6. Munda\u00a0Uprising\">6. Munda\u00a0Uprising<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#7_Tana_Bhagat_Movement\" title=\"7. Tana Bhagat Movement\">7. Tana Bhagat Movement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#8_Rampa_Rebellion\" title=\"8. Rampa Rebellion\">8. Rampa Rebellion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#9_Rani_Gaidinlius_Rebellion\" title=\"9. Rani Gaidinliu\u2019s\u00a0Rebellion\">9. Rani Gaidinliu\u2019s\u00a0Rebellion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/tribal-peasant-revolts-2\/#11_Tebhaga_Movement\" title=\"11.\u00a0Tebhaga Movement\">11.\u00a0Tebhaga Movement<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relevant_for_Preliminary_Test_2019_History_of_Modern_India-Tribal_Revolts_Also_Relevant_For_Sociology_Mains_GS_Paper_1\"><\/span>Relevant for Preliminary Test 2019:History of Modern India-Tribal Revolts (Also Relevant For Sociology &amp; Mains GS Paper 1)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Sanyasi_Rebellion\"><\/span> <br>1. Sanyasi Rebellion <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The establishment of British control over Bengal after 1757 led to increase in land revenue and the exploitation of the peasants. During the\u00a0Bengal famine of 1770, impoverished peasants and displaced<em>\u00a0zamindars<\/em>\u00a0were joined by the\u00a0<em>sanyasis<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>fakirs<\/em>\u00a0( wandering religious mendicants of\u00a0Bengal) in a fierce rebellion\u00a0that continued up to 1802 . One of the best reminder of this rebellion is in literature, in the\u00a0Bengali novel\u00a0<em>Anandamath<\/em>, written by one of India\u2019s first modern novelist,\u00a0Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Tilka_Manjhis_Revolt\"><\/span> <br>2. Tilka Manjhi\u2019s Revolt <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> Tilka Manjhi (or Jabra paharia as he was also called) was the first\u00a0<em>adivasi<\/em>\u00a0leader to take\u00a0up the arms against the British in the 1789. He organized the\u00a0<em>adivasis<\/em>\u00a0into an armed group to fight against the resource grabbing, exploitation and British tyranny. In the battle that ensued, Tilka attacked and injured the\u00a0British commissioner who died later.The British surrounded the Tilapore forest, from which he operated, but he and his men held the enemy at bay for several weeks before he was caught and hanged at Bhagalpur. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Sambalpur_Revolt\"><\/span>3. Sambalpur Revolt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The British efforts to exploit the\u00a0the downtrodden tribal people of\u00a0Sambalpur in Odisha led to the start of the this\u00a0rebellion by Surendra Sai. A\u00a0direct descendant from Madhukar Sai, the fourth Chauhan king of Sambalpur, Surendra Sai\u00a0espoused the cause of the tribals of the region. Debarred from occupying the throne due to his popularity, Sai and his associates rebelled\u00a0against the Raj\u00a0and died fighting for freedom from the British. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Kherwar_Uprising\"><\/span>4. Kherwar Uprising<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> Unable to bear the pressure of the exorbitant rents imposed on them, the\u00a0massive Kherwar movement was kicked off in 1874 with incredible support from Santhal tribals. Village after village resounded with\u00a0the sound of\u00a0thousands of Santhals voicing\u00a0their legitimate right. The movement was suppressed only through\u00a0brutal punitive measures that were taken by the British. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Santhal_Rebellion\"><\/span> <br>4. Santhal Rebellion <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The Santhal rebellion,\u00a0commonly known as Santhal Hul, was a rebellion\u00a0against both the British colonial authority and upper caste\u00a0<em>zamindars\u00a0<\/em>who had taken\u00a0away lands cultivated by Santhals for centuries.\u00a0Led by the four Murmu Brothers \u2013 Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand and Bhairav \u2013 thousands of Santhals took to guerrilla fighting. Though the Santhals were outstanding archers, they were no match for\u00a0the musket and cannon firepower of the British. Over 15,000 were killed, tens of villages were destroyed and\u00a0the two celebrated leaders Sidhu and Kanhu were killed to subdue the rebellion. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Indigo_Revolt\"><\/span> <br>5. Indigo Revolt <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The Indigo revolt (or Nilbidroha) was an agrarian\u00a0uprising of indigo farmers or<em>\u00a0ryots<\/em>against the\u00a0British\u00a0indigo planters that arose in Bengal in 1859.\u00a0Dinabandhu Mitra\u2019s play\u00a0<em>Nil Darpan<\/em>\u00a0(The Mirror of Indigo) reflected the peasants\u2019 feelings, who were forced to\u00a0cultivate without remuneration, towards the indigo planters. Planters were publicly tried, indigo depots were burned down and the<em>\u00a0ryots<\/em>\u00a0went on strike. Though it was ruthlessly suppressed, the revolt had a strong effect on the government, which appointed the Indigo Commission in 1860. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Munda_Uprising\"><\/span>6. Munda\u00a0Uprising<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The name of Birsa Munda is cherished in India as one of the greatest freedom fighters. He raised his\u00a0voice against the transformation of the tribal agrarian system into a\u00a0feudal system that had\u00a0led to the alienation of the lands held by the tribals.\u00a0To the twin challenges of agrarian breakdown and culture change, Birsa along with the Mundas, responded through an<em>\u00a0ulgulaan<\/em>\u00a0(or revolution) under his leadership. After a series of uprisings,\u00a0Birsa was cap\u00adtured and he died in jail in 1900.\u00a0His portrait hangs in the Central Hall of the Indian parliament, the only tribal leader to have been so honoured. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Tana_Bhagat_Movement\"><\/span>7. Tana Bhagat Movement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> Tana Bhagats was a small tribal community formed by the Oraon\u00a0saints of Jharkhand, Jatra Bhagat and Turia Bhagat. The Tana Bhagats opposed the exorbitant taxes imposed on them by the British and staged a\u00a0type of\u00a0civil disobedience movement in 1914 that\u00a0was anti-<em>zamindari<\/em>, anti-missionary and anti-British.\u00a0Followers of Mahatma Gandhi, and believers in\u00a0<em>ahimsa<\/em>\u00a0(nonviolence), were later closely associated with the Non-Cooperation Movement of the Indian National Congress. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Rampa_Rebellion\"><\/span> <br>8. Rampa Rebellion <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The Rampa Rebellion of 1879 was an insurrection by the hill tribes in the Rampa region of the Vizagapatam District against the British government of the Madras Presidency. The\u00a01882 Madras Forest Act had restricted the free movement of tribal peoples in the forest and prevented them from practicing\u00a0their traditional\u00a0<em>podu<\/em>agriculture. It was led by the revolutionary,\u00a0Alluri Sitarama Raju who was called\u00a0<em>Manyam Veerudu<\/em>\u00a0(hero of the jungle) by the locals. He\u00a0was eventually trapped and executed by the British in the forests of Chintapalli. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Rani_Gaidinlius_Rebellion\"><\/span> <br>9. Rani Gaidinliu\u2019s\u00a0Rebellion <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> This was 13-year-old Rani Gaidinliu\u2019s clarion call to the ethnic Naga tribes from remote hills of North Eastern region when she joined the Heraka religious movement of her cousin. Under her guidance, the movement later turned into a political movement seeking to drive out the British from the region.\u00a0She urged the people not to pay taxes, not to work for the British and even went underground to lead\u00a0many attacks on the British administration.\u00a0Gaidinliu was arrested in 1932 at the age of 16, and was sentenced to life imprisonment by the British rulers. Jawaharlal Nehru met her at Shillong Jail in 1937, and gave her the title of\u00a0<em>Rani<\/em>. Released in 1947 after India\u2019s independence, she\u00a0continued to work for the upliftment of her people and was honored with a Padma Bhushan. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Tebhaga_Movement\"><\/span>11.\u00a0Tebhaga Movement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> The Tebhaga movement was led by the share croppers of the Bengal region against the oppressive<em>\u00a0jotedars<\/em>\u00a0(land owners) in 1946-47. At that time, share-cropping<em>\u00a0bargadars<\/em>\u00a0(essentially, tenants) had to give half of their harvest to the owners of the land. The demand of the\u00a0<em>Tebhaga<\/em>\u00a0(sharing by thirds) movement, led by Bengal Kisan Sabha, was to reduce the share given to landlords to one third. Among the unique feaures of this movement is the large scale participation of landless and poor women who formed fighting troops called the\u00a0<em>nari bahini<\/em>\u00a0that took a front role in countering the repression of the state. Though the agitation was not immediately successful,\u00a0the East Bengal State Acquisition and Tenancy Act was passed in 1950 due to the initiation of the movement. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevant for Preliminary Test 2019:History of Modern India-Tribal Revolts (Also Relevant For Sociology &amp; Mains GS Paper 1) 1. Sanyasi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,110,18,224],"tags":[458,390],"class_list":["post-2705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","category-essay","category-general-studies-ii","category-quick-revision-prelims","tag-prelims-question-paper","tag-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2705"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2707,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2705\/revisions\/2707"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}