{"id":26557,"date":"2025-04-10T16:05:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-10T10:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=26557"},"modified":"2025-04-10T16:05:40","modified_gmt":"2025-04-10T10:35:40","slug":"more-indian-women-take-up-jobs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/","title":{"rendered":"More Indian Women Take Up Jobs and Still Shoulder Most Household Chores | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_Indian_Women_Take_Up_Jobs_and_Still_Shoulder_Most_Household_Chores\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>More Indian Women Take Up Jobs and Still Shoulder Most Household Chores<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>(Relevant for <\/b><b>Paper I:<\/b> <b>Gender and Social Stratification, Feminist Theories, Family and Kinship, Social Change in modern society and <\/b><b>Paper II: Women and Work, Patriarchy in Indian Society, Challenges of Social Transformation)<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#More_Indian_Women_Take_Up_Jobs_and_Still_Shoulder_Most_Household_Chores\" title=\"More Indian Women Take Up Jobs and Still Shoulder Most Household Chores\">More Indian Women Take Up Jobs and Still Shoulder Most Household Chores<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#What_Does_the_Data_Show\" title=\"What Does the Data Show?\">What Does the Data Show?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#Sociological_Perspective_on_Gendered_Division_of_Labour\" title=\"Sociological Perspective on Gendered Division of Labour\">Sociological Perspective on Gendered Division of Labour<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#Policy_Governance_Angle\" title=\"Policy &amp; Governance Angle\">Policy &amp; Governance Angle<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#Implications_for_Indian_Society\" title=\"Implications for Indian Society\">Implications for Indian Society<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#What_Can_Be_Done\" title=\"What Can Be Done?\u00a0\">What Can Be Done?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#PYQs\" title=\"PYQs\u00a0\">PYQs\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/more-indian-women-take-up-jobs\/#Read_more_Blogs\" title=\"Read more Blogs:\">Read more Blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Introduction<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In recent years, <\/span><b>female labour force participation in India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has witnessed an <\/span><b>upward trend<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially in urban areas. However, a closer look reveals a paradox\u2014<\/span><b>women\u2019s participation in unpaid household work has also increased, signifying a persistent gender division of labour<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in domestic spaces. <\/span><b>This duality reflects what sociologists call the &#8220;double burden&#8221; or &#8220;second shift&#8221;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where <\/span><b>women are expected to balance both paid and unpaid work.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Examples &amp; Case Studies<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Urban Working Women in IT sectors in Bangalore or Hyderabad who face burnout due to double burden.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Northeast India (e.g., Meghalaya and Mizoram) shows better male participation in domestic work due to matrilineal culture.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Does_the_Data_Show\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>What Does the Data Show?<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26559 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_.png\" alt=\"What Does the Data Show\" width=\"2637\" height=\"842\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_.png 2637w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_-1024x327.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_-150x48.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_-1536x490.png 1536w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Does-the-Data-Show_-2048x654.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2637px) 100vw, 2637px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A growing number of urban women are entering paid employment, particularly in <\/span><b>sectors like IT, education, healthcare, and services.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simultaneously, the proportion of these working women continuing to do unpaid domestic chores\u2014<\/span><b>cooking, cleaning, and caregiving<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014has also increased.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though <\/span><b>urban men are contributing more to household work, the gap remains significan<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">t, especially when compared across Indian states.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sociological_Perspective_on_Gendered_Division_of_Labour\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Sociological Perspective on Gendered Division of Labour<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26560 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour.png\" alt=\"Sociological Perspective on Gendered Division of Labour\" width=\"3182\" height=\"1168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour.png 3182w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour-300x110.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour-1024x376.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour-150x55.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour-768x282.png 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour-1536x564.png 1536w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Sociological-Perspective-on-Gendered-Division-of-Labour-2048x752.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3182px) 100vw, 3182px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b> The \u201cSecond Shift\u201d: Arlie Hochschild\u2019s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> seminal work explains how employed women still handle most household duties after their paid <\/span><b>job ends, leading to stress, fatigue, and role conflict.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b> Public and Private Patriarchy: Sylvia Walby<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> identifies <\/span><b>private patriarchy (within households) and public patriarchy (in workplaces),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> both of which systematically disadvantage women.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>In India, both forms coexist, reinforcing traditional gender roles and restricting the redistribution of domestic responsibilities.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b> Gender Role Socialization: Ann Oakley<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> argues that household work is ideologically constructed as a woman\u2019s responsibility due to <\/span><b>patriarchal socialization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from a young age.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Policy_Governance_Angle\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Policy &amp; Governance Angle<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mission Shakti, Mahila Shakti<\/b> <b>Kendra, and Gender Budgeting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aim to empower women but fall short in <\/span><b>addressing unpaid work.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implications_for_Indian_Society\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Implications for Indian Society<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26561 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society.png\" alt=\"Implications for Indian Society\" width=\"2090\" height=\"831\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society.png 2090w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society-300x119.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society-1024x407.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society-150x60.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society-768x305.png 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society-1536x611.png 1536w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Implications-for-Indian-Society-2048x814.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2090px) 100vw, 2090px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Women\u2019s empowerment remains incomplete without redistribution of unpaid work.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th<\/span><b>e lack of institutional mechanisms like affordable childcare or elderly support system<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s further intensifies the pressure on working women.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This imbalance leads to <\/span><b>career stagnation, mental health issues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and often <\/span><b>withdrawal from paid work.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Can_Be_Done\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>What Can Be Done?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26562 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1.png\" alt=\"What Can Be Done\" width=\"2704\" height=\"1382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1.png 2704w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1-1024x523.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1-150x77.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1-768x393.png 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1-1536x785.png 1536w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/What-Can-Be-Done_-1-2048x1047.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2704px) 100vw, 2704px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Recognize, Reduce, and Redistribute (UN Women Framework)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Recognize unpaid care work<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as economically valuable.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Reduce through time-saving technologies and services.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Redistribute between men and women, and between families and the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Policy-Level Interventions<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Promote paternity leave<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>gender-neutral parental leave.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Make cr\u00e8ches and eldercare facilities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> mandatory at workplaces.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Use gender budgeting to allocate resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for care infrastructure.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Sociocultural Change<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Encourage gender-sensitive education and role modeling by men.<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Showcase examples from <\/span><b>matrilineal societies as progressive alternatives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While more Indian women are joining the paid workforce, their share in unpaid household work remains disproportionately high. The persistence of <\/span><b>patriarchal norms continues<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to deny them true equality. Their <\/span><b>burden of unpaid domestic work remains high<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This highlights the <\/span><b>unfinished agenda of gender equality, requiring not just policy changes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">but a shift in societal attitudes and family dynamics.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PYQs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>PYQs<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> I<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Discuss the relevance of patriarchy in contemporary Indian society.&#8221; 2023<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Explain how patriarchy shapes the division of labour within the household.&#8221; 2020<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Evaluate the concept of &#8216;second shift&#8217; in the context of working women.&#8221; 2017<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Critically examine the transformation of the institution of family in the context of working women.&#8221; 2022<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Explain the concept of &#8216;role conflict&#8217; in working women\u2019s life.&#8221; 2016<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Explain how industrialization and urbanization have impacted the traditional family structure.&#8221; 2013<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paper<\/span> II\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Explain the relationship between gender and unpaid work in India with suitable examples.&#8221; 2021<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Examine the impact of women\u2019s increasing participation in paid work on family and gender roles.&#8221; 2020<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Critically examine the feminization of labour in urban India.&#8221; 2018<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Assess the role of the Indian state in addressing gender inequalities in the labour market.&#8221; 2017<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Discuss how the informal sector has both empowered and exploited women workers.&#8221; 2015<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Discuss the social consequences of migration of women for employment in urban areas.&#8221; 2022<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Examine the changing nature of gender roles in urban India.&#8221; 2019<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;What is the impact of globalization on the status of women in India?&#8221; 2016<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>&#8220;Comment on the \u2018invisible labour\u2019 of women in rural and urban India.&#8221; 2014<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-26535 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-24-at-13.19.23_66f1ab41.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-24-at-13.19.23_66f1ab41.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-24-at-13.19.23_66f1ab41-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-24-at-13.19.23_66f1ab41-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-24-at-13.19.23_66f1ab41-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-24-at-13.19.23_66f1ab41-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics like <b>More Indian Women Take Up Jobs and Still Shoulder Most Household Chores<\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">in Public Posts, <\/span><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">visit:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?amp=1\">www.triumphias.com\/blogs<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Read_more_Blogs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span id=\"Read_more_Blogs\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span>Read more Blogs:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"4JPSUU6e7x\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/untouchability-forms-and-perspectives\/\">Untouchability \u2013 Forms and Perspectives | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; 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&#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/how-decisions-are-made-in-bureaucracy\/embed\/#?secret=poinvWmWsP#?secret=DCwugAbojF\" data-secret=\"DCwugAbojF\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>More Indian Women Take Up Jobs and Still Shoulder Most Household Chores (Relevant for Paper I: Gender and Social Stratification,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115,116],"tags":[11595,11596,1794,11594,1696,3160,3396,2037,1891],"class_list":["post-26557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sociology-optional-paper-i","category-sociology-optional-paper-ii","tag-domestic-labor","tag-employment-trends","tag-gender-roles","tag-household-chores","tag-india","tag-indian-women","tag-work-life-balance","tag-workforce","tag-working-women"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26557"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26566,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26557\/revisions\/26566"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}