{"id":2303,"date":"2018-12-06T15:33:52","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T10:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=2303"},"modified":"2018-12-06T15:33:52","modified_gmt":"2018-12-06T10:03:52","slug":"upper-caste-share-is-down-more-marginal-groups-enter-campuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/upper-caste-share-is-down-more-marginal-groups-enter-campuses\/","title":{"rendered":"Upper-caste share is down, more marginal groups enter campuses"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/upper-caste-share-is-down-more-marginal-groups-enter-campuses\/#Relevant_for_Sociology\" title=\"Relevant for Sociology:-\">Relevant for Sociology:-<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/upper-caste-share-is-down-more-marginal-groups-enter-campuses\/#New_education_report_Muslims_disabled_most_under-represented\" title=\"New education report: Muslims, disabled most under-represented.\">New education report: Muslims, disabled most under-represented.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relevant_for_Sociology\"><\/span>Relevant for Sociology:-<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"m-story-header__intro\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_education_report_Muslims_disabled_most_under-represented\"><\/span>New education report: Muslims, disabled most under-represented.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/college.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2304\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/college.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"759\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/college.jpg 759w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/college-150x83.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/college-300x167.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 759px) 100vw, 759px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>While the proportion of upper-caste students in higher education institutions is still considerably higher than their share in the population, for the first time ever their \u201cerstwhile near-monopoly\u201d is being eroded with their percentage share falling to below 50 per cent over the last few years, according to a study.<\/li>\n<li>All other groups, women, Other Backward Classes (OBC), Scheduled Castes (SC), and Tribes (ST), have increased their share though they still remain largely under-represented relative to their share in the population.<\/li>\n<li>The enrolment share of upper caste Hindus (estimated to be about 20 per cent of the country\u2019s population), has come down from 51 per cent to 40.6 per cent between 2010-11 and 2015-16.<\/li>\n<li>The study titled \u2018Exclusion in Indian Higher Education Today\u2019 by Delhi University professors Satish Deshpande and Apoorvanand states that \u201cthe entry of hitherto absent or severely under-represented groups\u201d was facilitated by the 93rd Amendment to the Constitution (2006) which extended OBC reservations to elite \u201cinstitutions of national importance\u201d and Central universities.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAlthough it took some years to take effect, by the second decade of the 2000s, its impact was being felt,\u201d the report said.<\/li>\n<li>Apoorvanand teaches Hindi and Deshpande teaches sociology in Delhi University. Their study has been published in the India Exclusion Report 2017 released by the Centre for Equity Studies this week. Citing figures from the All India Survey of Higher Education (AISHE), it states that between 2010-11 and 2015-16, in terms of percentage share in total enrolment in higher education institutions, the share of women has increased from 44 to 46 percent, for STs from 4.4 to 4.9 percent, for SCs from 11 to 13.9 percent, and for OBCs from 27.6 to 33.8 percent.<\/li>\n<li>Of all marginalised groups, the report identifies, Persons with Disability (PwDs) and Muslim as the two groups still seriously under-represented in higher education. In the same five-year period, PwDs (who form 2.2 percent of the population) has seen their share merely increasing from 0.19 to 0.21 percent in higher education while Muslims, who constitute 14 percent of the country\u2019s population, has seen their share in higher education increase from 3.8 percent to just 4.7 percent.<\/li>\n<li>In terms of their respective share in the total population of the country, women account for 50 percent, ST 8.6 percent, SC 16.6 percent, and OBC 42 percent. The AISHE figures on enrolment largely pertain to public higher education institutions such as Central universities, colleges, IITs, IIMs etc; it also includes data from some private universities.<\/li>\n<li>The report notes that despite the \u201csubstantial change in the social composition of the student body, particularly in elite institutions which were earlier extremely homogenous\u201d, there has been a shift from \u201cprimary forms of exclusion\u201d to exclusion that is \u201cmore subtle and not easily captured in statistics\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>Speaking to The Indian Express, Deshpande said: \u201cWe have entered a new phase of exclusion where gross forms of exclusion have been substituted by finer kinds. These include the dropout phenomenon and the role of English language as the gatekeeper to higher education. The third method of exclusion is through the phenomenon of \u2018weak students\u2019 who are products of the system, not laziness,\u201d said Deshpande.<\/li>\n<li>The \u201cdrop-outs\u201d are a result of a higher education system that, the report says, \u201cnecessarily presupposes a long period of prior schooling, (and therefore) it excludes those who are excluded at various stages from primary education.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Accordingly, the General Category student survives until higher secondary school five-and-a-half times more than STs; and three and-a-half times more than SCs, and twice more than OBCs.<\/li>\n<li>The report states that the increasing representation of marginalised groups has not \u201cmeant the end of prejudice or discrimination\u201d and has in fact \u201cstoked resentment of upper caste\u201d, more so in elite institutions, especially against Dalit students.<\/li>\n<li>While more institutions are achieving gender parity in terms of enrolment, the report points out that, \u201cwomen are still subjected to various forms of discrimination and exclusion, including sexual harassment, and severe restrictions on their freedom of movement.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Relevant for Sociology:- New education report: Muslims, disabled most under-represented. While the proportion of upper-caste students in higher education institutions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[789,392],"class_list":["post-2303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-miscellaneous","tag-sociology-optional","tag-union-public-service-commission-upsc"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2303"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2305,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2303\/revisions\/2305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2303"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}