{"id":19065,"date":"2023-10-12T12:48:05","date_gmt":"2023-10-12T07:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=19065"},"modified":"2023-10-14T15:50:50","modified_gmt":"2023-10-14T10:20:50","slug":"internet-shutdowns-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdown in India: A Comprehensive Overview | Sociology Optional for UPSC Civil Services Examination | Triumph IAS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forms.gle\/rk58J2Lc3xAHJn9Y8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19182\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-10-13-at-3.53.18-PM-5-270x300.jpeg\" alt=\"Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdown in India: A Comprehensive OverviewBest Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.\" width=\"796\" height=\"884\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-10-13-at-3.53.18-PM-5-270x300.jpeg 270w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-10-13-at-3.53.18-PM-5-922x1024.jpeg 922w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-10-13-at-3.53.18-PM-5-135x150.jpeg 135w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-10-13-at-3.53.18-PM-5-768x853.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-10-13-at-3.53.18-PM-5.jpeg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Exploring_the_Depths_and_Implications_of_Internet_Shutdown_in_India_A_Comprehensive_Overview\" title=\"Exploring the Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdown in India: A Comprehensive Overview.\">Exploring the Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdown in India: A Comprehensive Overview.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Relevant_for_General_Studies_Paper_Polity_PrelimsMains\" title=\"Relevant for General Studies Paper | Polity | Prelims\/Mains.\">Relevant for General Studies Paper | Polity | Prelims\/Mains.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Internet_Shutdown_is_it_derogatory_to_fundamental_rights\" title=\"Internet Shutdown: is it derogatory to fundamental rights?\">Internet Shutdown: is it derogatory to fundamental rights?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Impacts_of_Internet_Shutdown\" title=\"Impacts of Internet Shutdown.\">Impacts of Internet Shutdown.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Arguments_Regarding_Internet_Shutdown\" title=\"Arguments Regarding Internet Shutdown.\">Arguments Regarding Internet Shutdown.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#What_could_be_done\" title=\"What could be done?\">What could be done?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Related_Blogs%E2%80%A6\" title=\"Related Blogs&#8230;\">Related Blogs&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions:\">Frequently Asked Questions:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#GS_Related_Practices_Questions%E2%80%A6\" title=\"GS Related Practices Questions&#8230;\u00a0\">GS Related Practices Questions&#8230;\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Why_Vikash_Ranjans_Classes_for_Sociology\" title=\"Why Vikash Ranjan&#8217;s Classes for Sociology?\">Why Vikash Ranjan&#8217;s Classes for Sociology?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Choose_The_Best_Sociology_Optional_Teacher_for_IAS_Preparation\" title=\"Choose The Best Sociology Optional Teacher for IAS Preparation?\">Choose The Best Sociology Optional Teacher for IAS Preparation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/internet-shutdowns-in-india\/#Find_More_Blogs%E2%80%A6\" title=\"Find More Blogs&#8230;\">Find More Blogs&#8230;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exploring_the_Depths_and_Implications_of_Internet_Shutdown_in_India_A_Comprehensive_Overview\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Exploring the Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdown in India: A Comprehensive Overview.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relevant_for_General_Studies_Paper_Polity_PrelimsMains\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Relevant for General Studies Paper | Polity | Prelims\/Mains.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19071\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/11-3-300x180.jpg\" alt=\"Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdowns in India: A Comprehensive Overview, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.\" width=\"812\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/11-3-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/11-3-150x90.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/11-3-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/11-3.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internet_Shutdown_is_it_derogatory_to_fundamental_rights\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Internet Shutdown: is it derogatory to fundamental rights?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0involve the intentional disruption of internet or electronic communications, rendering them inaccessible or effectively unusable for a specific population or within a particular location. This is often done to exert control over the flow of information and can impact mobile internet, broadband internet, or both.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>On September 23, 2023, the Manipur government declared the restoration of full internet access, attributing it to an &#8220;improved&#8221; law and order situation.<\/strong> This marked the end of India&#8217;s second-longest internet blackout, lasting over 143 days since May 3. The announcement was met with relief by citizens, ranging from students planning their return to Manipur to aid workers in urgent need of essential supplies.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Provisions related to internet shut downs.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #000000;\"><strong>Section 5(2) of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, in conjunction with the Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency and Public Safety) Rules, 2017:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">These regulations empower the union or state home secretary to authorize the suspension of any telegraph service, including the internet, in the event of a public emergency or public safety concern. The committee is obligated to review such an order within five days, and it cannot extend beyond a duration of 15 days. In urgent situations, an officer of joint secretary level or higher, designated by the union or state home secretary, is authorized to issue the order.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">This section grants authority to a district magistrate, sub-divisional magistrate, or any other executive magistrate specially delegated by the state government to issue orders preventing or halting any nuisance or disturbance of public tranquility. Such orders may encompass the suspension of internet services in a specific area for a specified period.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impacts_of_Internet_Shutdown\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Impacts of Internet Shutdown.<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Violation of <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/fundamental-rights-in-the-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Fundamental Rights<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Internet shutdowns<\/strong> infringe upon Fundamental Rights as outlined in Article 19(1)(a) and Article 19(1)(g). Constitutional protection under Article 19(1)(a) and Article 19(1)(g) safeguards the freedom of speech and expression and the freedom to practice any profession over the medium of the internet, as affirmed by the Supreme Court in the Anuradha Bhasin vs Union of India case (2020).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-shadow-of-internet-shutdowns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Internet shutdown<\/a> also contravene the Right to Information, recognized as a Fundamental Right under Article 19 by the Supreme Court in the Raj Narain vs State of UP (1975) case.<\/strong> Furthermore, the Right to Internet, declared a Fundamental Right under Article 21 by the Kerala High Court in the Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala case, is violated by internet shutdowns.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Economic Consequences:<\/b><strong> Internet shutdown<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0can result in significant economic repercussions. Businesses relying on the internet for operations, sales, and communication may experience financial losses, with startups and small businesses being particularly susceptible. According to Top10VPN, India incurred a loss of Rs 2,091 crore ($255.2 million) in the first half of 2023 due to internet shutdowns.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Disruption of Education:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Numerous educational institutions utilize online platforms for teaching and learning. <strong>Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0disrupt access to educational resources, posing challenges for students to continue their studies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Trust and Censorship Concerns:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0can diminish trust in government and authorities, raising concerns about censorship and a lack of transparency.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Impediment to Disaster Response:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0hinder communication and coordination, especially during emergencies and crises. A UN-backed report has emphasized that shutting down the internet affects people&#8217;s safety and well-being by impeding information flow and humanitarian assistance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Disruption in Health Care<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Studies reveal significant impacts of internet shutdowns on health systems, including hindrances to urgent medical care, disruption of essential medicine delivery, and maintenance of equipment, as well as limitations on the exchange of health information among medical personnel and disruptions in essential mental health assistance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>International Repercussions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong> Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0can draw international attention and condemnation, potentially harming a country&#8217;s reputation and relationships with other nations. India holds the record for the most internet shutdowns globally. In the first half of 2023, India ranked second globally for internet shutdowns. According to a report by the US digital rights advocacy group Access Now, India accounted for 58% of all documented shutdowns globally.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Impact on Journalism and Reporting:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Journalists rely on the internet to report on events and share news with the public. Internet shutdowns can impede their ability to gather and disseminate information, compromising the public&#8217;s right to know. The Right to Freedom of the Press is a Fundamental Right declared by the Supreme Court in the Indian Express vs Union of India (1986) and Bennett Coleman vs Union of India (1972) cases.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19073\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/22-300x191.webp\" alt=\"Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdowns in India: A Comprehensive Overview, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.\" width=\"955\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/22-300x191.webp 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/22-150x96.webp 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/22-768x490.webp 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/22-360x230.webp 360w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/22.webp 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/span><\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arguments_Regarding_Internet_Shutdown\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Arguments Regarding Internet Shutdown.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Arguments in Favor:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Internet shutdown are often implemented to prevent the dissemination of hate speech and false information that might incite violence and riots.<\/strong> As an illustration, the government declared an internet shutdown in Delhi NCR following the farmers&#8217; protest on Republic Day to counter misinformation and maintain law and order.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Another purpose of internet shutdowns is to restrain the organization and mobilization of protests that could disrupt public order and security.<\/strong> For instance, the government enforced internet shutdown in Kashmir and other parts of the country after the abrogation of Article 370 to prevent any anti-national activities and separatist movements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The safeguarding of national security and sovereignty from external threats and cyber attacks is cited as a rationale for internet shutdowns. During the standoff with China, the government suspended internet services in some border areas to prevent espionage or sabotage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Furthermore,<\/strong> internet shutdowns are considered a means to regulate the distribution and consumption of content that might be harmful or offensive to certain groups or individuals. An instance of this is when the government blocked internet access in specific regions to prevent the circulation of objectionable images or videos.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Arguments against:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0erode democratic principles and accountability by hindering citizens&#8217; access to information, expression of opinions, engagement in public debates, and holding authorities accountable for their actions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">They also empower authoritarian governments to silence dissenting voices and cultivate distorted information echo chambers. Critics contend that internet shutdowns are ineffective and counterproductive, failing to address the root causes of the issues they aim to resolve.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>For instance,<\/strong> rather than halting violence or terrorism, internet shutdowns tend to intensify anger and resentment among affected populations. Additionally, they do not deter misinformation or hate speech; instead, they create information vacuums that can be exploited by malicious actors.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Internet shutdowns are arbitrary and prone to abuse, often imposed without due process, transparency, or judicial oversight.<\/strong> Frequently, these shutdowns are ordered by local authorities lacking the legal authority to do so.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Moreover, internet shutdowns lack clear and objective criteria, duration, and scope, leaving them susceptible to political interference and violations of human rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_could_be_done\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800080; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>What could be done?<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Enhancing the Existing Framework:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Strengthening the legal and regulatory framework overseeing internet shutdowns, ensuring they are employed as a last resort in line with international human rights standards. The government ought to revise the outdated and vague Telegraph Act and its rules to align with constitutional and human rights standards.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Ensuring Authority Accountability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Enhancing transparency and accountability of authorities responsible for ordering and implementing internet shutdowns, while establishing effective remedies for those adversely affected by such actions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Exploring Alternative Measures:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The government should explore less intrusive measures to address law-and-order disruptions, communal violence, terrorist threats, examinations, and political instability. Options include selectively blocking websites or content, issuing warnings or advisories, engaging with civil society and media, or deploying additional security forces.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b style=\"font-size: 1.125rem;\">Compliance with Supreme Court Guidelines:<\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1.125rem;\"> Authorities should adhere to the directives of the Supreme Court, as outlined in the Anuradha Bhasin case (2020). The Supreme Court&#8217;s guidelines emphasize that internet suspension should be temporary, proportionate, and subject to judicial review under the Suspension Rules.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14px;\"><em><strong>Reference: <b>Indian Express<\/b><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/sociology-paper-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19072\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdowns in India: A Comprehensive Overview, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.\" width=\"929\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35-1024x671.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35-150x98.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35-768x503.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35-120x80.jpg 120w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/sts-35.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 929px) 100vw, 929px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Blogs%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Related Blogs&#8230;<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/effects-of-internet-shutting-down-on-economy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19078\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2019-06-28-at-1.40.06-PM-880x660-1-300x225.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"369\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2019-06-28-at-1.40.06-PM-880x660-1-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2019-06-28-at-1.40.06-PM-880x660-1-150x113.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2019-06-28-at-1.40.06-PM-880x660-1-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/WhatsApp-Image-2019-06-28-at-1.40.06-PM-880x660-1.jpeg 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/the-shadow-of-internet-shutdowns\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-19079\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-a-heading-11-880x660-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"264\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-a-heading-11-880x660-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-a-heading-11-880x660-1-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-a-heading-11-880x660-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Add-a-heading-11-880x660-1.jpg 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 1: Define Internet Shutdown and its common purpose.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> An <strong>internet shutdown<\/strong> involves the intentional disruption of internet or electronic communications, often executed to control information flow and maintain law and order during perceived crises.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 2: Which act and section empower the Indian government to authorize the suspension of internet services?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The Indian government is empowered to authorize the suspension of internet services under Section 5(2) of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, and the Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency and Public Safety) Rules, 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 3: What fundamental rights are often infringed upon during an internet shutdown as per the Indian Constitution?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> <strong>Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0infringe upon Fundamental Rights such as the freedom of speech and expression and the freedom to practice any profession over the internet medium, safeguarded by Article 19(1)(a) and Article 19(1)(g) of the Indian Constitution, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 4: How do internet shutdown impact the economy, providing a recent statistical insight?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> <strong>Internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0can have substantial economic impacts, hindering businesses and communications; for instance, India incurred a loss of Rs 2,091 crore ($255.2 million) due to internet shutdowns in the first half of 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 5: Enumerate some of the arguments in favor and against internet shutdown.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> In favor, arguments often cite the prevention of misinformation spread, maintenance of law and order, and national security. Contrarily, arguments against point towards erosion of democratic principles, empowerment of authoritarian tendencies, and abuse due to lack of clear criteria and oversight.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 6: Name a case where the Supreme Court affirmed the importance of internet freedom relating to the fundamental right of speech and expression.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The Supreme Court affirmed the importance of internet freedom in the Anuradha Bhasin vs Union of India case in 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 7: What are some alternatives that can be explored instead of imposing complete internet shutdowns, as suggested?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Alternative measures include selectively blocking harmful content, issuing public warnings or advisories, engaging with civil society, deploying additional security forces, and ensuring that shutdowns, if implemented, are temporary, proportionate, and subject to judicial review.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question 8:<\/strong> <strong>Which global position did India hold regarding internet shutdowns in the first half of 2023, and cite a related statistic.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> India ranked second globally for <strong>internet shutdown<\/strong>\u00a0in the first half of 2023, accounting for 58% of all documented shutdowns worldwide according to a report by Access Now.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GS_Related_Practices_Questions%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>GS Related Practices Questions&#8230;\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XKn1NOUcj1o\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OM6Ca_jWD5I\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">To master these intricacies and fare well in the <strong>Sociology Optional Syllabus<\/strong>, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Teacher<\/strong> and participation in the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Coaching<\/strong>. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology&#8217;s diverse methodologies and techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>META TAGS:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Internet Shutdown, Internet Shutdown upsc, Internet Shutdown in India, Internet Shutdown in Manipur, Fundamental Rights, India, Economic Impact, Education, Health Care, National Security, Law and Order, UPSC, Civil Services, Anuradha Bhasin Case, Telegraph Act, Temporary Suspension, Legal Framework, Freedom of Speech, Access to Information, Digital India, Online Censorship, Governance, Transparency, Accountability, Democracy<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15262\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-300x50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"822\" height=\"137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-300x50.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-1024x171.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-150x25.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-768x128.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-1536x256.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-2048x341.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Vikash_Ranjans_Classes_for_Sociology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000;\">Why Vikash Ranjan&#8217;s Classes for Sociology?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Proper guidance and assistance are required to learn the skill of interlinking current happenings with the conventional topics. <strong>VIKASH RANJAN SIR <\/strong>at <strong>TRIUMPH IAS<\/strong> guides students according to the Recent Trends of UPSC, making him the <strong>Best Sociology Teacher<\/strong> for <strong>Sociology Optional UPSC.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">At Triumph IAS, the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Coaching<\/strong> platform, we not only provide the best study material and applied classes for <strong>Sociology for IAS<\/strong> but also conduct regular assignments and class tests to assess candidates&#8217; writing skills and understanding of the subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Choose_The_Best_Sociology_Optional_Teacher_for_IAS_Preparation\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\">Choose <a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>T<strong>he Best Sociology Optional Teacher <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/a>for IAS Preparation?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">At the beginning of the journey for<strong> Civil Services Examination <\/strong>preparation, many students face a pivotal decision \u2013 selecting their optional subject. Questions such as &#8220;<strong><em>which optional subject is the best?<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; and &#8220;<strong><em>which optional subject is the most scoring?<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; frequently come to mind. Choosing the right optional subject, like choosing the <strong><em>best sociology optional teacher<\/em><\/strong>, is a subjective yet vital step that requires a thoughtful decision based on facts. A misstep in this crucial decision can indeed prove disastrous.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Ever since the exam pattern was revamped in 2013, the UPSC has eliminated the need for a second optional subject. Now, candidates have to choose only one <strong>optional subject for the UPSC Mains<\/strong>, which has two papers of 250 marks each. One of the compelling choices for many has been the sociology optional. However, it&#8217;s strongly advised to decide on your optional subject for mains well ahead of time to get sufficient time to complete the syllabus. After all, most students score similarly in General Studies Papers; it&#8217;s the score in the optional subject &amp; essay that contributes significantly to the final selection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\u201c<\/span>A sound strategy does not rely solely on the popular<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><em>Opinion of toppers or famous YouTubers cum teachers.<span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">It requires understanding one&#8217;s ability, interest, and the relevance of the subject, not just for the exam but also for life in general. Hence, when selecting the best sociology teacher, one must consider the usefulness of <strong><em>sociology optional coaching<\/em><\/strong> in <strong>General Studies, Essay, and Personality Test.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">The choice of the optional subject should be based on objective criteria, such as the nature, scope, and size of the syllabus, uniformity and stability in the question pattern, relevance of the syllabic content in daily life in society, and the availability of study material and guidance. For example, choosing the <strong><em>best sociology optional coaching<\/em><\/strong> can ensure access to top-quality study materials and experienced teachers. Always remember, the approach of the UPSC optional subject differs from your academic studies of subjects. Therefore, before settling for <strong><em>sociology optional<\/em><\/strong>, you need to analyze the syllabus, previous years&#8217; pattern, subject requirements (be it ideal, visionary, numerical, conceptual theoretical), and your comfort level with the subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">This decision marks a critical point in your <strong><em>UPSC &#8211; CSE journey<\/em><\/strong>, potentially determining your success in a career in IAS\/Civil Services. Therefore, it&#8217;s crucial to choose wisely, whether it&#8217;s the optional subject or the <strong><em>best sociology optional teacher<\/em><\/strong>. Always base your decision on accurate facts, and never let your emotional biases guide your choices. After all, the search for the <strong><em>best sociology optional coaching<\/em><\/strong> is about finding the perfect fit for your unique academic needs and aspirations.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kt3VeKYqoSs?t=54s\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><sup><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dL85EHfcitw?t=17s\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tJcm9G2RwVE\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YXsRAVmvsCE?t=1s\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">To master these intricacies and fare well in the <strong>Sociology Optional Syllabus<\/strong>, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Teacher<\/strong> and participation in the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Coaching<\/strong>. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of <strong>sociology&#8217;s<\/strong> diverse methodologies and techniques. <strong>Sociology, Social theory, Best Sociology Optional Teacher, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.<br \/>\nBest Sociology Optional Teacher, Sociology Syllabus, Sociology Optional, Sociology Optional Coaching, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Best Sociology Teacher, Sociology Course, Sociology Teacher, Sociology Foundation, Sociology Foundation Course, Sociology Optional UPSC, Sociology for IAS,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/p9IYaTuS3sA?si=CiiRvqWVd_sdZNlm\" width=\"750\" height=\"421\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Follow us :<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/triumphias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0e https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/triumphias<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"\ud83d\udd0e www.triumphias.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0e www.triumphias.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/TriumphIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0ehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/TriumphIAS<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/TriumphIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0e<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/VikashRanjanSociology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/t.me\/VikashRanjanSociology<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Find_More_Blogs%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #808000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Find More Blogs&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/compare-and-contrast-karl-marxs-and-max-webers-analysis-of-the-modern-phenomena-of-capitalism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compare and contrast Karl Marx\u2019s and Max weber\u2019s<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/karl-marx-historical-materialism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Marx- Historical Materialism<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/talcott-parsons-social-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Talcott Parsons : Social system<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/scope-of-the-subject-and-comparison-with-other-social-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exploring the Depths and Implications of Internet Shutdown in India: A Comprehensive Overview. 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