{"id":18012,"date":"2023-09-28T18:27:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T12:57:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=18012"},"modified":"2023-09-29T11:24:36","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T05:54:36","slug":"mediation-act-2023-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Mediation Act 2023: Hope for Judicial Reform in India | Sociology UPSC | Triumph IAS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Mediation_Act_2023_What_hope_lies_for_the_judiciary\" title=\"Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for the judiciary\">Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for the judiciary<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Relevant_for_General_Studies_Paper_Polity_PrelimsMains\" title=\"(Relevant for General\u00a0Studies Paper | Polity| Prelims\/Mains)\">(Relevant for General\u00a0Studies Paper | Polity| Prelims\/Mains)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Mediation_Act_2023_What_hope_lies_for_judiciary\" title=\"Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for judiciary\">Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for judiciary<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Key_Features_of_the_Act\" title=\"Key Features of the Act\">Key Features of the Act<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Key_Issues_and_Concerns_with_the_Act\" title=\"Key Issues and Concerns with the Act\">Key Issues and Concerns with the Act<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#How_it_can_be_made_more_effective\" title=\"How it can be made more effective?\">How it can be made more effective?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Related_Blogs%E2%80%A6\" title=\"Related Blogs&#8230;\">Related Blogs&#8230;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions:\">Frequently Asked Questions:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#GS_Related_Practices_Questions%E2%80%A6\" title=\"GS Related Practices Questions&#8230;\u00a0\">GS Related Practices Questions&#8230;\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Why_Vikash_Ranjans_Classes_for_Sociology\" title=\"Why Vikash Ranjan&#8217;s Classes for Sociology?\">Why Vikash Ranjan&#8217;s Classes for Sociology?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Choose_The_Best_Sociology_Optional_Teacher_for_IAS_Preparation\" title=\"Choose The Best Sociology Optional Teacher for IAS Preparation?\">Choose The Best Sociology Optional Teacher for IAS Preparation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mediation-act-2023-2\/#Find_More_Blogs\" title=\"Find More Blogs\">Find More Blogs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mediation_Act_2023_What_hope_lies_for_the_judiciary\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for the judiciary<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relevant_for_General_Studies_Paper_Polity_PrelimsMains\"><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><em><b>(Relevant for <\/b><b>General<\/b><b>\u00a0<\/b><b>Studies<\/b> Paper | Polity| Prelims\/Mains)<\/em><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-18056\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4a229563-414a-4b8b-ba17-2f8d2628967b-190x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mediation Act, 2023: Hope for Judicial Reform in India, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.\" width=\"913\" height=\"1442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4a229563-414a-4b8b-ba17-2f8d2628967b-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4a229563-414a-4b8b-ba17-2f8d2628967b-95x150.jpg 95w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/4a229563-414a-4b8b-ba17-2f8d2628967b.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 913px) 100vw, 913px\" \/><\/span><\/h3>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mediation_Act_2023_What_hope_lies_for_judiciary\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for judiciary<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">During the most recent monsoon session of Parliament, both chambers approved the Mediation Bill, 2023, which, following the President of India&#8217;s assent has now become the Mediation Act, 2023. This legislation aims to foster mediation, particularly institutional mediation, and establish a framework for upholding mediated settlement agreements.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mediation<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediation serves as a voluntary and binding procedure where an impartial and unbiased mediator assists conflicting parties in achieving a resolution.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The mediator&#8217;s role is not to impose a solution but to foster a conducive atmosphere for the disputing parties to address all their grievances.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediation has established itself as a well-established alternative to dispute resolution, with notable success stories in urban centers like <strong>Delhi, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Nagpur, Chandigarh, and Aurangabad.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This structured process entails a neutral individual employing specialized communication and negotiation techniques, a method that litigants involved in mediation have wholeheartedly embraced.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond mediation, various other dispute resolution approaches exist, including arbitration, negotiation, and conciliation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features_of_the_Act\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Key Features of the Act<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Pre-litigation Mediation:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Before approaching any court or specific tribunals, parties are required to make an effort to resolve civil or commercial disputes through mediation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even if they don&#8217;t reach a resolution through pre-litigation mediation, the court or tribunal can refer the parties to mediation at any stage.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Excluded Disputes:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>The Act provides a list of disputes that are not suitable for mediation. These include disputes involving:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Claims against minors or individuals with mental incapacity,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminal prosecution, and<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Third-party rights.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The central government may modify this list.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Applicability:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>The Act is applicable to mediations conducted in India under the following conditions:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Involving solely domestic parties,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Involving at least one foreign party related to a commercial dispute, and<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the mediation agreement specifies adherence to this Act.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mediation Process:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Mediation proceedings are confidential and must conclude within 180 days (with a possible extension of 180 days by agreement).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">A party can withdraw from mediation after two sessions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mediators:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediators can be appointed either by agreement between the parties or through a mediation service provider.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediators must disclose any conflicts of interest that might raise doubts about their impartiality.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mediation Council of India:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The central government will establish the <strong>Mediation Council of India<\/strong>, consisting of:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A chairperson,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two full-time members experienced in mediation or ADR,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Three ex-officio members, including the Law Secretary and Expenditure Secretary, and<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A part-time member from an industry body.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The functions of the Council include mediator registration and the recognition of mediation service providers and institutes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mediated Settlement Agreement:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Agreements resulting from mediation (excluding community mediation) will be final, binding, and enforceable in the same manner as court judgments.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>They can be challenged on grounds of:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fraud,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corruption,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Impersonation, or<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disputes not suitable for mediation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Community Mediation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Community mediation may be used to resolve disputes that could impact the peace and harmony among residents of an area.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It will involve a panel of three mediators.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Need to Promote Mediation<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Addressing Case Backlog<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of <strong>May 2022<\/strong>, the Indian judiciary is grappling with a staggering backlog of over 4.7 crore cases spread across various tiers of the legal system.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among these, a substantial 87.4% of cases remain unresolved in subordinate courts, with the remaining 12.4% pending in High Courts.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To effectively tackle this alarming case backlog, the Mediation and Conciliation Project Committee of the Supreme Court of India advocates for mediation as a proven and effective alternative for conflict resolution.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Lack of Dedicated Mediation Legislation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India currently lacks a comprehensive standalone mediation law despite the existence of multiple statutes containing mediation provisions.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These statutes encompass the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the Companies Act, 2013, the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, and the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In contrast, several countries, including Australia, Singapore, and Italy, have already enacted dedicated mediation laws.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Mediation as a Catalyst for Genuine Justice and Societal Transformation:<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mediation stands as a powerful means of delivering justice in a straightforward manner and offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional legal procedures.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resolutions achieved through mediation not only facilitate true justice for individuals but also align social norms with constitutional values by fostering the exchange of ideas and information.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Ambitions of Becoming an International Mediation Center:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Singapore Convention on Mediation provides a standardized and efficient framework for recognizing international settlement agreements resulting from mediation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As India has been a signatory to the Singapore Convention on Mediation since 2019, it is imperative to enact legislation that governs both domestic and international mediation. Such legislation will enhance India&#8217;s standing as a potential <strong>International Mediation Hub.<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Issues_and_Concerns_with_the_Act\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Key Issues and Concerns with the Act<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Mandatory Pre-litigation Mediation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Act mandates pre-litigation mediation for both parties as a prerequisite before initiating any legal suit or proceeding in a court, irrespective of the existence of a mediation agreement between them. However, it&#8217;s important to note that Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees access to justice as a fundamental right, which cannot be encumbered or curtailed.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Limited Expertise of Mediators: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the Act specifies that full-time members of the Council should possess knowledge or experience related to mediation or ADR laws and mechanisms, it does not necessarily require them to be practicing mediators with substantial practical experience. For instance, the Act allows for the appointment of an arbitrator as a full-time member of the Council. However, arbitrators may not be the best-suited individuals to perform functions such as defining standards of professional conduct for mediators.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Central Government Approval for Issuing Regulations:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Under the Act, the Council will carry out its primary functions by issuing regulations, but it is obligated to obtain approval from the central government before implementing these regulations. This requirement may potentially limit the effectiveness of the Council if it is subject to central government approval for its core functions. In contrast, similar organizations like the National Medical Commission and the Bar Council of India do not need prior approval before issuing regulations.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Challenges in Enforcing International Settlements:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Act treats international mediation conducted in India, with the resulting settlement recognized as a judgment or decree of a court, as a domestic matter. This approach excludes the advantages of worldwide enforceability provided by the Singapore Convention, which does not apply to settlements already having the status of judgments or decrees. Consequently, cross-border mediation in India may not fully harness the benefits of international enforceability.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Multiple Registrations for Mediators:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mediators are required to be registered or empanelled at four different places, including the Mediation Council of India, a court annexed mediation center, a recognized mediation service provider, and a Legal Services Authority. It remains unclear why satisfying any one of these conditions is insufficient for such mediators.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Undefined Terminology:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Clause 8 of the Act allows a party to approach the Court for interim relief before or during mediation, but only in &#8220;exceptional circumstances.&#8221; Unfortunately, the Act does not provide a clear definition or explanation of what constitutes &#8220;exceptional circumstances.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Challenges with Online Mediation: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A recent <strong>NITI Aayog report<\/strong> highlights that only 55% of India&#8217;s population has internet access, and merely 27% possess compatible devices. This presents a significant accessibility issue for a substantial portion of the population, particularly regarding online mediation.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Issues with Community Mediation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Act mandates the presence of a panel of three mediators for community mediation. While community mediation is a valuable tool for resolving disputes through facilitated communication, this requirement may be deemed unnecessary and could potentially impede the flexibility that mediation inherently offers.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_it_can_be_made_more_effective\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>How it can be made more effective?<\/b><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Phased Implementation of Mandatory Pre-litigation Mediation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Gradually introducing mandatory pre-litigation mediation in stages, initially for specific dispute categories, and subsequently expanding its coverage to encompass a broader spectrum of disputes.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Shortening the Timeframe:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on the Mediation Bill, 2021 proposed reducing the mediation duration from 180 days to 90 days, aiming to expedite the process.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Capacity Enhancement:<\/b> <b>NITI Aayog<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> emphasized the importance of designing a framework for mandatory pre-litigation mediation in India while considering the availability of mediators and the capacity of the ecosystem to produce a significant number of qualified mediators. The Mediation and Conciliation Project Committee of the Supreme Court of India recommended initiatives to establish model mediation codes, facilitate mediator training nationwide, and regulate the mediation process in all districts.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Enhancing Accessibility:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> To ensure the success of online mediation, it is imperative to improve bandwidth accessibility in remote regions. Establishing legal aid or access to justice clinics equipped with suitable IT infrastructure could address this challenge.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><b>Leveraging Disruptive Technologies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: International Arbitration (IA) and <\/span><b>Artificial Intelligence (AI)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have emerged as innovative alternatives to traditional practices. IA supplants conventional dispute resolution methods, while AI replaces traditional performance assessment approaches. AI has the potential to offer significant advantages to the arbitration process and its participants. By enhancing human cognitive capabilities, AI-powered services can assist lawyers in tasks such as document review, identifying relevant authorities, drafting documents, and more.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The potential of mediation to drive social change in India surpasses that of conventional legal mechanisms. The Act should be embraced for its underlying essence rather than its mere formalities, echoing the wisdom of a renowned jurist who aptly stated, <strong>&#8220;It is the essence, not the structure, that sustains the vitality of justice.&#8221;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 14px;\"><em><strong>Reference The\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><i>Hindu<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Related_Blogs%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Related Blogs&#8230;<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/india-france\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17976\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/27-300x225.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"368\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/27-300x225.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/27-150x113.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/27-768x576.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/27.jpeg 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/leveraging-public-private-partnerships\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-17977\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Add-a-heading-4-880x660-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"364\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Add-a-heading-4-880x660-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Add-a-heading-4-880x660-1-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Add-a-heading-4-880x660-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Add-a-heading-4-880x660-1.jpg 880w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 364px) 100vw, 364px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Frequently Asked Questions:<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Question: Explain the key features of the Mediation Act, 2023, and its significance for the Indian judicial system.<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The <strong>Mediation Act, 2023<\/strong>, promotes mediation as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism and establishes guidelines for its implementation. It aims to reduce case backlog and expedite conflict resolution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>2. Question: What are the main concerns and criticisms surrounding the mandatory pre-litigation mediation provision in the Mediation Act, 2023?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Critics argue that mandatory pre-litigation mediation may encumber access to justice as a fundamental right. They express concerns about its potential impact on individual freedoms.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">3. Question: How can the Mediation Act, 2023, be made more effective in promoting mediation as a means of resolving disputes in India?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> To enhance effectiveness, the Act could be phased in gradually, shorten mediation durations, focus on mediator training, improve accessibility, and leverage disruptive technologies like AI in the mediation process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>4. Question: Discuss the role of mediation in addressing the case backlog in the Indian judicial system, and highlight its potential for societal transformation. <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Mediation offers a cost-effective and efficient way to resolve disputes, which can significantly reduce the case backlog. It also promotes societal transformation by aligning social norms with constitutional values.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>5. Question: What distinguishes the Mediation Act, 2023, from existing statutes containing mediation provisions in India? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The <strong>Mediation Act 2023<\/strong>\u00a0is a standalone legislation focused on mediation, whereas existing statutes incorporate mediation provisions as part of broader legal frameworks.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GS_Related_Practices_Questions%E2%80%A6\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>GS Related Practices Questions&#8230;\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XKn1NOUcj1o\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OM6Ca_jWD5I\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">To master these intricacies and fare well in the <strong>Sociology Optional Syllabus<\/strong>, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Teacher<\/strong> and participation in the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Coaching<\/strong>. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology&#8217;s diverse methodologies and techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Mediation Act 2023, judicial reform, alternative dispute resolution, legal legislation, Indian judiciary, case backlog, mediation process, community mediation, international mediation, legal reforms, access to justice<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15262\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-300x50.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"822\" height=\"137\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-300x50.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-1024x171.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-150x25.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-768x128.jpg 768w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-1536x256.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/7-2-2048x341.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Vikash_Ranjans_Classes_for_Sociology\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; color: #ff0000;\">Why Vikash Ranjan&#8217;s Classes for Sociology?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Proper guidance and assistance are required to learn the skill of interlinking current happenings with the conventional topics. <strong>VIKASH RANJAN SIR <\/strong>at <strong>TRIUMPH IAS<\/strong> guides students according to the Recent Trends of UPSC, making him the <strong>Best Sociology Teacher<\/strong> for <strong>Sociology Optional UPSC.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">At Triumph IAS, the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Coaching<\/strong> platform, we not only provide the best study material and applied classes for <strong>Sociology for IAS<\/strong> but also conduct regular assignments and class tests to assess candidates&#8217; writing skills and understanding of the subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Choose_The_Best_Sociology_Optional_Teacher_for_IAS_Preparation\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\">Choose <a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><em>T<strong>he Best Sociology Optional Teacher <\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/a>for IAS Preparation?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">At the beginning of the journey for<strong> Civil Services Examination <\/strong>preparation, many students face a pivotal decision \u2013 selecting their optional subject. Questions such as &#8220;<strong><em>which optional subject is the best?<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; and &#8220;<strong><em>which optional subject is the most scoring?<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; frequently come to mind. Choosing the right optional subject, like choosing the <strong><em>best sociology optional teacher<\/em><\/strong>, is a subjective yet vital step that requires a thoughtful decision based on facts. A misstep in this crucial decision can indeed prove disastrous.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">Ever since the exam pattern was revamped in 2013, the UPSC has eliminated the need for a second optional subject. Now, candidates have to choose only one <strong>optional subject for the UPSC Mains<\/strong>, which has two papers of 250 marks each. One of the compelling choices for many has been the sociology optional. However, it&#8217;s strongly advised to decide on your optional subject for mains well ahead of time to get sufficient time to complete the syllabus. After all, most students score similarly in General Studies Papers; it&#8217;s the score in the optional subject &amp; essay that contributes significantly to the final selection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><em><span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\u201c<\/span>A sound strategy does not rely solely on the popular<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000; font-size: 20px;\"><strong><em>Opinion of toppers or famous YouTubers cum teachers.<span style=\"font-size: 36px;\">\u201d<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">It requires understanding one&#8217;s ability, interest, and the relevance of the subject, not just for the exam but also for life in general. Hence, when selecting the best sociology teacher, one must consider the usefulness of <strong><em>sociology optional coaching<\/em><\/strong> in <strong>General Studies, Essay, and Personality Test.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">The choice of the optional subject should be based on objective criteria, such as the nature, scope, and size of the syllabus, uniformity and stability in the question pattern, relevance of the syllabic content in daily life in society, and the availability of study material and guidance. For example, choosing the <strong><em>best sociology optional coaching<\/em><\/strong> can ensure access to top-quality study materials and experienced teachers. Always remember, the approach of the UPSC optional subject differs from your academic studies of subjects. Therefore, before settling for <strong><em>sociology optional<\/em><\/strong>, you need to analyze the syllabus, previous years&#8217; pattern, subject requirements (be it ideal, visionary, numerical, conceptual theoretical), and your comfort level with the subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 20px;\">This decision marks a critical point in your <strong><em>UPSC &#8211; CSE journey<\/em><\/strong>, potentially determining your success in a career in IAS\/Civil Services. Therefore, it&#8217;s crucial to choose wisely, whether it&#8217;s the optional subject or the <strong><em>best sociology optional teacher<\/em><\/strong>. Always base your decision on accurate facts, and never let your emotional biases guide your choices. After all, the search for the <strong><em>best sociology optional coaching<\/em><\/strong> is about finding the perfect fit for your unique academic needs and aspirations.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/kt3VeKYqoSs?t=54s\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><sup><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dL85EHfcitw?t=17s\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/sup><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tJcm9G2RwVE\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YXsRAVmvsCE?t=1s\" width=\"350\" height=\"196\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">To master these intricacies and fare well in the <strong>Sociology Optional Syllabus<\/strong>, aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Teacher<\/strong> and participation in the <strong>Best Sociology Optional Coaching<\/strong>. These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of <strong>sociology&#8217;s<\/strong> diverse methodologies and techniques. <strong>Sociology, Social theory, Best Sociology Optional Teacher, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.<br \/>\nBest Sociology Optional Teacher, Sociology Syllabus, Sociology Optional, Sociology Optional Coaching, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Best Sociology Teacher, Sociology Course, Sociology Teacher, Sociology Foundation, Sociology Foundation Course, Sociology Optional UPSC, Sociology for IAS,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Follow us :<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/triumphias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0e https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/triumphias<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"\ud83d\udd0e www.triumphias.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0e www.triumphias.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/TriumphIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\ud83d\udd0ehttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/TriumphIAS<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/VikashRanjanSociology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/t.me\/VikashRanjanSociology<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Find_More_Blogs\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #808000; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Find More Blogs<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/compare-and-contrast-karl-marxs-and-max-webers-analysis-of-the-modern-phenomena-of-capitalism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compare and contrast Karl Marx\u2019s and Max weber\u2019s<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/karl-marx-historical-materialism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karl Marx- Historical Materialism<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/talcott-parsons-social-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Talcott Parsons : Social system<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/scope-of-the-subject-and-comparison-with-other-social-sciences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mediation Act 2023: What hope lies for the judiciary (Relevant for General\u00a0Studies Paper | Polity| Prelims\/Mains) Mediation Act 2023: What<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1044,18,73,7,42,15,844,1038,223,1,1042],"tags":[8456,8050,8452,8454,8451,8455,8449,8450,1494,8448,8465,8464,8453],"class_list":["post-18012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-general-studies-ii","category-general-studies-iv","category-general-studies-i","category-general-studies-iii-technology-economic-development-bio-diversity-environment-security-and-disaster-management","category-geography","category-gs","category-gs-mains","category-gs-revision-series","category-miscellaneous","category-polity","tag-access-to-justice","tag-alternative-dispute-resolution","tag-case-backlog","tag-community-mediation","tag-indian-judiciary","tag-international-mediation","tag-judicial-reform","tag-legal-legislation","tag-legal-reforms","tag-mediation-act-2023","tag-mediation-act-2023-notification-india","tag-mediation-act-2023-notification-upsc","tag-mediation-process"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18012"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18078,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18012\/revisions\/18078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}