{"id":13121,"date":"2022-05-13T15:37:44","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T10:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=13121"},"modified":"2025-02-18T14:28:29","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T08:58:29","slug":"marriage-among-muslims-in-inida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/","title":{"rendered":"Muslim Marriages in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muslim_Marriages_in_India\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Muslim Marriages in India<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relevant_For_Sociology_Optional_Paper_II\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">(Relevant For Sociology Optional Paper II)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >What's Inside this Blog!<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Muslim_Marriages_in_India\" title=\"Muslim Marriages in India\">Muslim Marriages in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Relevant_For_Sociology_Optional_Paper_II\" title=\"(Relevant For Sociology Optional Paper II)\">(Relevant For Sociology Optional Paper II)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Nature_of_Muslim_Marriages\" title=\"Nature of Muslim Marriages\">Nature of Muslim Marriages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Essential_Characteristics_of_a_Valid_Muslim_Marriages_Nikah\" title=\"Essential Characteristics of a Valid Muslim Marriages (Nikah)\">Essential Characteristics of a Valid Muslim Marriages (Nikah)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Valid_Invalid_and_Irregular_Marriages\" title=\"Valid, Invalid, and Irregular Marriages\">Valid, Invalid, and Irregular Marriages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Distinction_Between_Irregular_Fasid_and_Invalid_Batil_Marriages\" title=\"Distinction Between Irregular (Fasid) and Invalid (Batil) Marriages\">Distinction Between Irregular (Fasid) and Invalid (Batil) Marriages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Dissolution_of_Muslim_Marriage\" title=\"Dissolution of Muslim Marriage\">Dissolution of Muslim Marriage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Divorce_as_Recognized_by_Shariah_Act_1937\" title=\"Divorce as Recognized by Shariah Act, 1937:\">Divorce as Recognized by Shariah Act, 1937:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Provisions_for_Divorce_as_per_the_Dissolution_of_Muslim_Marriage_Act_1939\" title=\"Provisions for Divorce as per the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939:\">Provisions for Divorce as per the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Difference_Between_Hindu_and_Muslim_Marriages\" title=\"Difference Between Hindu and Muslim Marriages\">Difference Between Hindu and Muslim Marriages<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/marriage-among-muslims-in-inida\/#Read_more_blogs\" title=\"Read more blogs:\">Read more blogs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25923 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Untitled-design-17.png\" alt=\"marriage among muslims in india by Vikash Ranjan sir at Triumph IAS, UPSC Sociology Optional\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Untitled-design-17.png 1080w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Untitled-design-17-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Untitled-design-17-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Untitled-design-17-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Untitled-design-17-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Marriage is a universal institution, and within the Muslim community, it is highly encouraged, with Islam discouraging celibacy and Prophet Mohammad emphasizing the preference for married life. Both Sunni and Shia sects consider marriage almost obligatory. Muslim marriage, known as <strong>nikah<\/strong>, is viewed as a secular bond with objectives such as controlling sexual relations, ordering domestic life, procreation, and raising children.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nature_of_Muslim_Marriages\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Nature of Muslim Marriages<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Unlike a religious sacrament, <strong>marriage among Muslims is primarily a civil contract<\/strong>. Roland Wilson (1941) defines it as a contract legalizing sexual intercourse and procreation. S.C. Sarkar (1948) supports this view. However, marriage also holds religious significance as a devotion and an act of &#8220;ibadat,&#8221; with compliance believed to be rewarded in the afterlife and non-compliance considered a sin. Jang (1953) argues that &#8216;nikah&#8217; is essentially a contract but also a devotional act.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Essential_Characteristics_of_a_Valid_Muslim_Marriages_Nikah\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Essential Characteristics of a Valid Muslim Marriages (Nikah)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marriage Proposal and Acceptance (Ijab and Qubul)<\/strong>: As a civil contract, a marriage proposal (&#8216;ijab&#8217;) and its acceptance (&#8216;qubul&#8217;) are essential. The groom proposes to the bride in the presence of two witnesses and a Muslim priest (&#8220;mauvli or kazi&#8221;). Both proposal and acceptance must be clearly uttered by the bride and groom or their agents of sound mind in the same meeting for a &#8220;sahi nikah&#8221; (regular marriage).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Capacity to Contract Marriage<\/strong>: Only adult persons of sound mind can enter a marriage contract. Child marriages and marriages of people of unsound mind are not recognized, although a minor&#8217;s marriage can be contracted by their guardians.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Observance of Equality<\/strong>: Traditionally, marriage among equals is preferred, and while there is no legal prohibition against marrying someone of lower status, such marriages are frowned upon. Runaway marriages (&#8216;kifa&#8217;) are not recognized, and marrying idolators or slaves is not approved. Among Sunnis, social inferiority of the groom can be grounds for marriage cancellation, but not among Shias.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Preference System in Mate Selection<\/strong>: Traditionally, there is an insistence on preferential systems in mate selection. Preference is given to cousins, especially parallel cousins (father&#8217;s brother&#8217;s daughter) and then cross-cousins (mother&#8217;s brother&#8217;s daughter). Nowadays, these preferences are not strictly followed. It is permissible to marry a deceased or divorced wife&#8217;s sister, but a widow cannot give preference to marry her deceased husband&#8217;s brother.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Freedom from Legal Complications<\/strong>: A Muslim marriage is considered &#8220;sahi nikah&#8221; (valid) only if it adheres to &#8216;shariah&#8217;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Valid_Invalid_and_Irregular_Marriages\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Valid, Invalid, and Irregular Marriages<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">A Muslim marriage held according to Islamic rules is a &#8216;sahi nikah&#8217; or valid marriage, whereas one held contrary to Islamic rules is &#8216;batil&#8217; or invalid\/void.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Conditions of Invalid Marriage (Batil)<\/strong>:<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Polygamy violations<\/strong>: A woman cannot marry while having a living, not-divorced husband. A man cannot marry a fifth woman while still married to four others.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marriage within prohibited degrees of relationship<\/strong>: Marriage is not allowed with close relatives such as mother, grandmother, sister, sister&#8217;s daughter, mother&#8217;s sister, father&#8217;s sister, daughter, wife&#8217;s mother, wife&#8217;s daughter from a previous husband, or son&#8217;s wife.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marriage with idolators<\/strong>: Islam opposes idolatry, so marriage with idolators is not permitted. A Muslim man may marry a non-Muslim girl if her idolatry is nominal, to keep idolatry out of the Islamic body politic, but a Muslim woman is never allowed to marry a non-Muslim.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marriage with people of premature age or unsound mind<\/strong>: Marriage with a person of unsound mind is invalid, as is marriage of immature persons without parental consent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Sisters as co-wives (Sororate)<\/strong>: Islamic rule prohibits marrying sisters simultaneously. However, one can marry their wife&#8217;s sister after the wife&#8217;s death or divorce.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marrying a woman during her &#8216;Iddat&#8217; period<\/strong>: A Muslim woman cannot marry while undergoing &#8220;iddat&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distinction_Between_Irregular_Fasid_and_Invalid_Batil_Marriages\"><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Distinction Between Irregular (Fasid) and Invalid (Batil) Marriages<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Muslims differentiate between &#8220;irregular&#8221; (&#8216;fasid&#8217;) and &#8220;invalid&#8221; (&#8216;batil&#8217;) marriages. &#8216;Fasid&#8217; marriages can be converted into &#8216;sahi&#8217; marriages by removing the impediments, whereas &#8216;batil&#8217; marriages cannot.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Examples of Fasid (Irregular) Marriages<\/strong>: Absence of witnesses during proposal and acceptance, a Muslim man marrying a fifth woman, marriage with a woman undergoing &#8216;iddat&#8217;. These irregularities can be corrected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Examples of Batil (Invalid) Marriages<\/strong>: Marriage within prohibited degrees of relationship, a Muslim woman marrying an idolator, a Muslim man marrying two sisters. These irregularities cannot be corrected, making such marriages invalid.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Mehr (Dower)<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Mehr<\/strong>, or dower, is a practice associated with Muslim marriage. It is a sum of money or property the wife is entitled to receive from her husband in consideration of the marriage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Purpose of Mehr<\/strong>: Dower is an obligation imposed on the husband as a mark of respect for the wife. Its main purposes are to deter the husband from divorcing his wife and to enable the woman to support herself after her husband&#8217;s death or divorce.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dissolution_of_Muslim_Marriage\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dissolution of Muslim Marriage<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Muslim marriage, treated as a contract, can be dissolved in several ways:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Divorce as per Muslim law without court intervention<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Divorce as per the Shariah Act, 1937<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Divorce as per the Muslim Marriage Dissolution Act, 1939 (with court intervention)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Divorce According to Muslim Law<\/strong>:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Traditionally, divorce can be obtained directly in two ways without civil court intervention: <strong>Khula\/Mubarat<\/strong> and <strong>Talaq<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Khula\/Mubarat<\/strong>: Divorce by mutual consent. In Khula, the wife initiates the divorce, while in Mubarat, either party can initiate it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Talaq<\/strong>: A husband can divorce his wife by repeating the dismissal formula thrice. Talaq can be oral or written (talaqnama). There are three forms of Talaq:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Talaq-e-Ahsan<\/strong>: A single pronouncement of talaq followed by conjugal abstinence until the completion of &#8220;iddat&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Talaq-e-Hasan<\/strong>: Three pronouncements of Talaq during three successive menstrual periods with no sexual contact between the spouses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Talaq-ul-Biddat<\/strong>: Pronouncement of talaq in a single sentence (e.g., &#8220;I divorce thee thrice&#8221;) or in three separate sentences, or in a single clear pronouncement (&#8220;I divorce thee irrevocably&#8221;).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">In the first two types (Ahsan and Hasan), there is a chance to re-establish marital ties, but not in the third form (Biddat).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Divorce_as_Recognized_by_Shariah_Act_1937\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Divorce as Recognized by Shariah Act, 1937<\/strong>:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The Shariah Act of 1937 provides for three forms of divorce:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Illa<\/strong>: If the husband swears by God to abstain from sexual relations with his wife for four months or more, and sticks to it, the marriage is dissolved.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Zihar<\/strong>: The husband declares his wife to be like the back of his mother to him in the presence of two witnesses. While the marriage is not immediately dissolved, the wife can go to court on this ground.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Lian<\/strong>: The husband accuses his wife of adultery, giving the wife the opportunity to go to court and insist that her husband either withdraw the allegation or prove it.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Provisions_for_Divorce_as_per_the_Dissolution_of_Muslim_Marriage_Act_1939\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Provisions for Divorce as per the Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939<\/strong>:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">This act allows a Muslim woman to seek divorce on the following grounds:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Husband&#8217;s whereabouts are unknown for 4 years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Failure of husband to provide maintenance for 2 years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Imprisonment of husband for 7 years or more<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Impotency of husband since marriage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Failure of husband to fulfill marital obligations for 3 years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Insanity of husband for 2 years or incurable diseases like leprosy or venereal diseases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Husband&#8217;s physical and mental cruelty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Marriage forced upon her before she reached 15 years (divorce must be sought before she turns 18)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Any other valid ground permitted by Muslim law<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_Between_Hindu_and_Muslim_Marriages\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Difference Between Hindu and Muslim Marriages<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9372%; height: 906px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 45px;\">\n<th style=\"height: 45px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Feature<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 45px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Hindu Marriage<\/span><\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 45px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Muslim Marriage<\/span><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 174px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 174px; text-align: left; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Aims and Ideals<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 174px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dharma, praja, and rati; religious duty; sacred<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 174px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Sexual satisfaction and procreation; not necessarily characterized by religious sentiments; more of a contract<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 109px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 109px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Marital Bond<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 109px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Inseparable; cannot be easily dissolved; divorce only through court<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 109px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Can be dissolved at the husband&#8217;s will without court intervention<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 77px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 77px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Remarriage\/Widow Remarriage<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 77px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Less common, despite legal provisions<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 77px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Permissible without social stigma<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 109px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 109px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Polygamy<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 109px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">No scope for polygamy<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 109px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Polygamy is permitted up to four wives as per Koranic rules<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 142px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 142px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Mehr\/Dowry<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 142px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dowry taken by the bridegroom, considered a social evil<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 142px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Mehr given by the bridegroom to the bride, an obligatory practice, not considered a social evil<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 142px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 142px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Temporary Marriage<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 142px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Not recognized<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 142px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">&#8220;Muta Marriage&#8221; (temporary marriage) existed but has largely disappeared among Sunnis<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 77px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 77px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><strong>Legislation<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 77px; width: 32.913%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Significantly affected by numerous legislations<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 77px; width: 32.029%;\" align=\"left\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Less affected by legislative factors<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Muslim marriage in India is a multifaceted institution blending contractual and religious elements. While rooted in tradition and religious law, it has also been shaped by legislation and evolving social norms.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1G1oUHtO6EzGS-DjlWsBFviPu4CU_pXAB\/view?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-25914 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Download-Full-notes-on-this.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Download-Full-notes-on-this.png 1100w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Download-Full-notes-on-this-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Download-Full-notes-on-this-1024x186.png 1024w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Download-Full-notes-on-this-150x27.png 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Download-Full-notes-on-this-768x140.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">To Read more topics like Marriage among muslims in India<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"amp-wp-303d451\" data-amp-original-style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">in Public Posts, visit:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?amp=1\">www.triumphias.com\/blogs<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Read_more_blogs\"><\/span>Read more blogs:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"99oHrySJzV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/sociology-paper-2-2024\/\">Sociology Paper 2 2024: 24 Sep 2024 | Sociology Optional Paper 2024 | Triumph IAS<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sociology Paper 2 2024: 24 Sep 2024 | Sociology Optional Paper 2024 | Triumph IAS&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/sociology-paper-2-2024\/embed\/#?secret=nhcTWZloPa#?secret=99oHrySJzV\" data-secret=\"99oHrySJzV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"f8cb9wqABR\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/indias-ethanol-revolution\/\">India\u2019s Ethanol Revolution | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;India\u2019s Ethanol Revolution | Sociology Optional Coaching | Vikash Ranjan Classes | Triumph IAS | UPSC Sociology Optional&#8221; &#8212; TriumphIAS\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/indias-ethanol-revolution\/embed\/#?secret=6wztn4FRAM#?secret=f8cb9wqABR\" data-secret=\"f8cb9wqABR\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Muslim Marriages in India (Relevant For Sociology Optional Paper II) Marriage is a universal institution, and within the Muslim community,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11068],"tags":[11235,11231,11233,11237,11229,11234,11232,11230,11236],"class_list":["post-13121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sociology-daily-dose","tag-indian-muslim-weddings","tag-islamic-wedding-rituals","tag-mehr-in-islam","tag-muslim-divorce-laws-india","tag-muslim-marriage-in-india","tag-muslim-marriage-laws-india","tag-muslim-matrimonial-customs","tag-nikah-traditions","tag-sharia-marriage-rules"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13121"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25924,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13121\/revisions\/25924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}