{"id":1070,"date":"2018-06-11T17:14:14","date_gmt":"2018-06-11T11:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/?p=1070"},"modified":"2018-06-11T17:14:14","modified_gmt":"2018-06-11T11:44:14","slug":"mains-focus-11th-june","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/mains-focus-11th-june\/","title":{"rendered":"Mains Focus-11th June"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>Paper 2:\u00a0 Government policies &amp; interventions for development in various sectors &amp; issues arising out of their design &amp; implementation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">5.5 lakh beneficiaries\u00a0 under PM Rojgar Protsahan Yojana<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The government is adding about 5.5 lakh beneficiaries a month under the Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY), a scheme started to incentivize employers for generation of new employment wherein the Government of India pays the employer\u2019s contribution of Employees\u2019 Pension Scheme (EPS) for the new employment. The annual average addition of workers under the scheme is expected to be over 66 lakhs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>About the scheme<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">PMRPY scheme was started to incentivize employers for generation of new employment wherein the Government of India pays the employer\u2019s contribution of <strong>Employees\u2019 Pension Scheme (EPS)<\/strong> for the new employment<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Under the scheme, the government was paying the employers\u2019 contribution of 8.33 percent of wages to the Employees\u2019 Pension Scheme (EPS) for new employees having a new <strong>Universal Account Number (UAN)<\/strong> and who joined on or after April 1, 2016 with salary up to Rs 15,000 per month \u2014 for first three years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The PMRPY scheme was started in August 2016<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0The scheme is aimed at incentivizing increasing the employment base of workers in the establishments and facilitate access to social security benefits of the organized sector<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Paper 2: Important International institutions, agencies &amp; fora, their structure, mandate<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3>UN Council Seats Elections<\/h3>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Why in News<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Germany and Belgium are certain to win seats on the U.N. Security Council after Israel dropped out of the race last month<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The Maldives, a small island nation that has never been on the U.N.\u2019s most powerful body, was vying for a seat against Indonesia, the world\u2019s largest Muslim country, which has served on the council three times<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Why\u00a0 winning a Seat is important ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Winning a seat on the Security Council is a pinnacle of achievement for many countries because it gives them a strong voice in matters dealing with international peace and security ranging from conflicts in Syria, Yemen and South Sudan to the nuclear threat posed by North Korea and attacks by extremist groups such as the Islamic State and al-Qaeda. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>UN Security Council<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The Security Council has five permanent members the United States, Russia, China, Britain and France<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">10 members are elected by the 193-member General Assembly for two-year terms<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Five countries are elected every year by secret ballot<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Uncontested slates<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Candidates for non-permanent seats are chosen by regional groups<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The only contested race this year is for the Asia-Pacific group\u2019s seat<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The other regions have uncontested slates, and their candidates are virtually assured of victory for two-year terms<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">These are:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Belgium and Germany for the Western European and Others group of nations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">South Africa for the Africa group<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The Dominican Republic for the Latin America and Caribbean group<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>US Sanctions and Iran&#8217;s Nuclear Plans<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What is the issue?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Iran has notified IAEA of it nuclear enrichment plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Iran should cooperate with Europe and China to work around U.S. sanctions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What is Iran&#8217;s stance?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Iran said that it was in \u201cpreparatory works\u201d to restart nuclear activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">This is in the event of the failure of the 2015 accord.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In such a scenario, Iran could restart its activities without any limits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The preparatory works mentioned refer to steps to boost uranium enrichment capacity by producing new centrifuges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In addition, it had notified of a plan to restart activity at its uranium conversion facility to produce the UF6 feedstock for centrifuges<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What are the other developments in this regard?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">France, Britain, Germany and the EU have sent a joint official request to the U.S.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">It asks for their companies to be exempt from punitive measures resulting from fresh U.S. sanctions on Iran.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">It calls for exempting European businesses doing legitimate trade in Iran from all extraterritorial American sanctions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What are the implications?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Iran\u2019s notification illustrates the risks associated with the recent U.S. withdrawal from the nuclear deal. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">According to the deal, Iran can enrich uranium, but under tight restrictions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">It would not be technically violating the agreement as long as it does not produce centrifuges.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">But the move to open a production facility could be seen as a provocative step by the remaining parties to the agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The other signatories to the deal said they remain committed to the agreement.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">But they are yet to come up with a framework to continue the deal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The latest Iranian announcement could pressurize the European powers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">They are forced to come up with guarantees that the deal\u2019s benefits will be in place even with U.S. sanctions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Alteration in India\u2019s Foreign Policy<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What is the issue?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In recent times India is trying to re calibrate its relation with global economic powers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">But India approach with US relations is not quite balancing out.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What foreign policy priorities of India concerns US? <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">India maintains good relation with the U.S., Russia and China in equal measure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Where USA vowed to counter China\u2019s moves in the Indo-Pacific, and U.S. National Defence Strategy puts both China and Russia in its crosshairs as the world\u2019s two \u201crevisionist powers\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">A year ago, India seemed clear in its intention to counter China\u2019s growing clout in its neighborhood, especially post-Doklam, challenge the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and back a Quadrilateral grouping of India, the U.S., Japan and Australia to maintain an open Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">But India\u2019s stand has changed in recent times as the Doklam issue has been buried, the BRI isn\u2019t as much a concern as before.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The government\u2019s non-confrontational attitude to the Maldives and Nepal also indicates a softened policy on China in the neighborhood.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Recently India also rejected an Australian request to join maritime exercises along with the U.S. and Japan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Contrast to this is India\u2019s acceptance of military exercises with countries of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Russia-China led grouping.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>What will be implications of India\u2019s policy?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">US had come to accept India\u2019s diffidence on signing outstanding India-U.S. foundational agreements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">US has now confused as India publicly enters the international arena in the corner with Russia and China, while proclaiming its intention to continue energy deals with Iran and Venezuela in defiance of American sanctions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Trade protectionism is clearly the other big point of divergence between India and the U.S., which have in recent months taken each other to the World Trade Organisation on several issues.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">There has been a surge in disputes between the two countries on the new American steel and aluminium tariffs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">USA\u2019s actions on CAATSA and Iran nuclear deal have also had a direct impact on India, given its high dependence on defence hardware from Russia and its considerable energy interests in Iran.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><b>Paper 3: <\/b>Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"native_story_title\">High uranium in Indian aquifers<\/h3>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Why in News?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"> Study has found widespread uranium contamination in groundwater from aquifers in 16 Indian states. The main source is natural, but human factors such as groundwater-table decline and nitrate pollution may be exacerbating the problem<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Risk factor<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Several studies have linked exposure to uranium in drinking water to kidney diseases. The World Health Organisation has set a provisional safety standard of 30 microgrammes of uranium per litre. Uranium is not, however, included in the list of contaminants monitored under the Bureau of Indian Standards\u2019 Drinking Water Specifications, the study stated.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Where it was high in number<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/vbk-uranium-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1071\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/vbk-uranium-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"862\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/vbk-uranium-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/vbk-uranium-1-150x135.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/vbk-uranium-1-300x269.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/vbk-uranium-1-768x690.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Likely Cause<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Factors contributing to the contamination include the amount of uranium in an aquifer\u2019s rocks and various chemical interactions between rock and water. In many parts of India, these factors co-occur and result in high uranium concentrations in groundwater<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Human activities, especially over-exploitation of groundwater for irrigation, may have exacerbated the problem. Many of India\u2019s aquifers are composed of clay, silt and gravel carried down from the Himalayas by streams or uranium-rich granitic rocks. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">When overpumping of these aquifers\u2019 groundwater occurs and their water levels decline, it induces conditions that enhance uranium enrichment in the shallow groundwater that remains.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">What can be done <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">There is a need to revise current water-quality monitoring programmes in India and re-evaluate human health risks in areas of high uranium prevalence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Including a uranium standard in the Bureau of Indian Standards\u2019 Drinking Water Specification based on uranium\u2019s kidney-harming effects, establishing monitoring systems to identify at-risk areas, and exploring new ways to prevent or treat uranium contamination will help ensure access to safe drinking water for tens of millions in India<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><b> Paper 3:\u00a0<\/b> Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.<\/h3>\n<h3>ISRO&#8217;s EPIC Planet<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1072\" src=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/11.jpg 960w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/11-150x108.jpg 150w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/11-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/11-768x555.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Context:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">In an epic Indian discovery, a team from the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, has spotted for the first time a distant planet six times bigger than Earth and revolving around a Sun-like star about 600 light years away. Both the planet and the star have been named EPIC.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>About EPIC<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">EPIC was found circling very close to the Sun-like star, going around it once in about 19.5 days and unlikely to be inhabitable because of its high surface temperature of around 600\u00b0C.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The team found the planet to be smaller in size than Saturn and bigger than Neptune.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Its mass is about 27 times Earth\u2019s and six times that of Earth at radius.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The scientists estimate that over 60% of its mass could be made up of heavy elements like ice, silicates and iron.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">Why this Discovery is Important <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">With this discovery India has joined a handful of countries which have discovered planets around stars,<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">\u00a0Significantly, the discovery was made using a PRL-designed spectrograph, PARAS, to measure and confirm the mass of the new planet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">EPIC 211945201b (or K2-236b) is the name given to the planet.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Spectrograph studies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The spectrograph is the first of its kind in the country which can measure the mass of a planet going around a star. Very few such spectrographs exist around the world (mostly in the USA and in the Europe) that can do such precise measurements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">The scientists observed the target over a time 420 days or about 1.5 years. They measured the mass of the planet using the indigenously designed PRL Advance Radial-velocity Abu-sky Search or PARAS spectrograph integrated with the 1.2-metre telescope located at PRL\u2019s Gurushikhar Observatory in Mount Abu, Rajasthan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">PRL, described as the cradle of space sciences in India, conducts fundamental research in a host of physical sciences including\u00a0<strong>astronomy\u00a0<\/strong>and space.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;\">\u201cSuch a discovery is of importance for understanding the formation mechanism of such super-Neptune or sub-Saturn kind of planets that are too close to the host star.\u201d The detection also adds to a sparse catalogue of 22 other confirmed exoplanet systems that have a mass and radius in this range.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paper 2:\u00a0 Government policies &amp; interventions for development in various sectors &amp; issues arising out of their design &amp; implementation<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123],"tags":[582,579,574,583,325,580,581],"class_list":["post-1070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-epic-planet","tag-high-uranium","tag-pradhan-mantri-rojgar-protsahan-yojana-pmrpy","tag-spectrograph","tag-un-security-council","tag-universal-account-number-uan","tag-us-sanctions","post_format-post-format-video"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1070","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1070"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1070\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1074,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1070\/revisions\/1074"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/865"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1070"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1070"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triumphias.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1070"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}