PAROCHIALISATION AND UNIVERSALISATION
Parochialisation and universalisation are supplementary to the concepts of little and great traditions. These are processes of cultural change. When the great tradition, i.e., the tradition of epics and sacred books undergoes change at the local or village level, it is parochialisation or localisation of great tradition or civilisation. Parochialisation, therefore, is the cultural change made at the village level. Universalisation, on the other hand, is a cultural change from little tradition to great tradition. Both these processes are related to the interaction between little tradition and great tradition. Interpreting the process of universalisation, Yogendra Singh observes that when the little tradition moves upward to the great tradition, it is the process of universalisation. And, when the great tradition moves downward to the local or village level, it is parochialisation. His interpretation runs as below:
Elements of the little tradition, indigenous customs, duties and rites circulate upward to the level of the great tradition and are identiied with its legitimate forms. This process Marriott calls ‘universalisation’. Likewise, some elements of the great tradition also circulate downward to become organic past of the little
tradition, and lose much of their original form in the process. McKim Marriott used the term ‘parochialisation’ to denote this kind of transaction between the two traditions.
In the process of parochialisation, obviously, there is some loss of the elements of great tradition. Whatever is laid down as elements of great tradition is reduced at village level or interpreted differently by local leaders of priestly castes. In this process there is de-sanskritisation.
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