When considering the array of 51 optional subjects for the UPSC Mains Examination, Sociology consistently stands out as a top choice. Its inherent appeal lies in its accessibility and intriguing exploration of humanity and society, catering even to students from Science and Commerce backgrounds. With a well-defined UPSC sociology syllabus comprising only 13 units, Sociology can be comprehensively covered within 4 to 5 Month Comprehensive “Foundation to Finale” Classroom Programme, Many of Our Sociology Foundation Course Students have Cleared CSE 2023- Kajal Singh, First Attempt (Age 22) Mahi Sharma, First Mains (Age 23), Anand Sharma First Mains and Many Others. Previously also Many students like IAS Pradeep Singh, IAS Ashish, IPS Bindu Madhav, IPS Aparna Gautam, IPS Shahnaz Illyas got Success in CSE in First Attempt with Sociology Optional.

IAS Medha Anand, has get 310 marks in her optional subject sociology, 156 in paper – 1 & 154 marks in Paper-2 in CSE 2023. Notably, Sociology for UPSC has garnered a reputation as one of the Highest scoring optional subjects in the UPSC Main Examination, with numerous candidates consistently achieving 300+. Its popularity is evident in the fact that a significant proportion of top 100 rankers opt for Sociology as their optional subject, showcasing its high scoring potential, particularly for those not from sociology backgrounds. Moreover, relevance of Sociology Optional Syllabus for UPSC extends beyond the examination hall, enriching understanding across various aspects of life, from social and economic to political and cultural domains. In recent times, Sociology Optional has gained traction, aligning with the evolving trend of the UPSC Mains towards conceptual analysis. Unlike other optional subjects with unpredictable question patterns, Sociology offers stability and predictability, making it an attractive choice. This adaptability, coupled with its concise syllabus and relevance to both academic and social spheres, positions Sociology as the ideal optional subject for engineers as well as optional subject for commerce graduates and optional subject for  science graduates seeking success in the Civil Services Examination. For those pursuing Sociology as an optional subject, accessing comprehensive Sociology optional notes and few good Sociology optional books, and previous years’ UPSC sociology optional question papers is pivotal for thorough preparation. Additionally, for aspirants seeking guidance, renowned  educator Vikash Ranjan Sir at TRIUMPH IAS coaching institutes in Delhi, offer valuable support and resources. Vikash Ranjan Sir is the Best Sociology Teacher and Triumph IAS is the
best sociology coaching in Delhi. If you are away from Old Rajendra Nagar, Delhi, you can still complete Journey of UPSC civil service preparation through online Sociology class The scientific nature of Sociology, coupled with its direct applicability to daily social interactions, renders it a subject that can be comprehended without extensive reference materials, distinguishing it from other optional subjects requiring extensive reading and research.

Discovery of Micro RNA

American scientists Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun have been jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for their groundbreaking discovery of micro RNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

Their collaborative work, which uncovered the existence and function of micro RNA (M RNA) within the body, earned them the 115th Nobel Prize in Medicine, announced by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden.

Ambros initiated this research at his Harvard University lab, while Ruvkun conducted similar studies at Massachusetts General Hospital.

What is M RNA?

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis. It is synthesized from a DNA template during the transcription process.
• The primary role of mRNA is to carry genetic information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cytoplasm, where the cell’s protein-making machinery, such as ribosomes, reads the mRNA sequence. This sequence is then translated into corresponding amino acids, which form a growing protein chain.
• In essence, mRNA acts as a translator, bridging the DNA in the nucleus and the cellular machinery that produces proteins. While DNA contains the genetic code, mRNA is the intermediate form that the machinery recognizes and uses to assemble amino acids into proteins. This crucial link allows the genetic code to be converted into functional proteins, highlighting the importance of mRNA in the process of creating living organisms. Though DNA is often the focus of discussions, mRNA plays an equally vital role in translating the “code of life” into a functional being..
• mRNA (Messenger RNA) carries crucial instructions from our DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) to the cell’s machinery, guiding it on how to make specific proteins. Think of DNA as a library of cookbooks containing recipes (genes) for creating different proteins. Our bodies require around 100,000 proteins to function correctly, aiding in tasks like digestion and essential chemical reactions.
• When a cell needs a particular protein, it doesn’t read directly from the DNA. Instead, it creates a copy called mRNA. This mRNA acts as a messenger, delivering the instructions for protein synthesis. It is composed of four building blocks (A, U, C, G), arranged in three-letter “words.” By reading these mRNA instructions, cells know how to assemble the required protein efficiently.
• Cells are highly adept at recognizing, using, and discarding mRNA once its job is complete. However, mutations or errors in the DNA “recipe book” can disrupt the mRNA instructions, leading to problems in protein production and potentially causing diseases.

Application of M RNA

In Making Medicine

• Precision and Customization:
  Scientists understand how mRNAs instruct cells to produce proteins. This knowledge allows them to easily design codes for various proteins, customizing these codes to meet individual patient needs. Whether they are creating entirely new mRNA sequences or modifying existing ones, the flexibility enables personalized treatments.
• Scalability and Uniformity:
  The production of mRNA treatments is both scalable and consistent. The process for manufacturing one type of mRNA can be applied across different mRNA types. Unlike traditional drugs, which each require unique chemical processes, mRNA production follows a standardized method, similar to knowing a basic recipe and using it to create multiple variations.
• Easy Adaptability:
  Cells naturally degrade mRNA once it has completed its task, ensuring that mRNA treatments are not permanent. This allows for easy dose adjustments to match changing patient needs, as the body can efficiently remove unnecessary mRNA.
• Production Capacity:
  Scientists are capable of producing large quantities of mRNA in laboratory environments. This capacity for mass production facilitates the development and distribution of mRNA-based medicines on a larger scale.
• Expanded Vaccine Development:
  Clinical trials for mRNA-based vaccines are expanding to target diseases like seasonal flu, herpes, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), norovirus, Lyme disease, Zika, and shingles, offering a broader range of preventive treatments.
• Cancer Treatment Potential:
  mRNA therapies show promise in cancer treatment by harnessing the body’s immune response. Cancer vaccines, tailored to target specific mutations in tumors, enhance antibody production to mark and destroy cancer cells, offering a personalized approach that aims to minimize damage to healthy cells.

The study of microRNA has introduced new methods for treating diseases such as cancer, as it plays a key role in regulating gene activity within our cells.

The End of the Blog: Discovery of Micro RNA